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Review
. 2010 Oct;107(39):684-91.
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0684. Epub 2010 Oct 1.

Lewy body and parkinsonian dementia: common, but often misdiagnosed conditions

Brit Mollenhauer  1 , Hans Förstl, Günther Deuschl, Alexander Storch, Wolfgang Oertel, Claudia Trenkwalder
Affiliations
Review

Lewy body and parkinsonian dementia: common, but often misdiagnosed conditions

Brit Mollenhauer et al. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are the two most common types of dementing neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both of these conditions are often diagnosed late or not at all.

Methods: Selective literature review.

Results: The severe cholinergic and dopaminergic deficits that are present in both DLB and PDD produce not only motor manifestations, but also cognitive deficits, mainly in the executive and visual-constructive areas, as well as psychotic manifestations such as visual hallucinations, delusions, and agitation. The intensity of these manifestations can fluctuate markedly over the course of the day, particularly in DLB. Useful tests for differential diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography; in case of clinical uncertainty, nuclear medical procedures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis can be helpful as well. Neuropathological studies have revealed progressive alpha-synuclein aggregation in affected areas of the brain. In DLB, beta-amyloid abnormalities are often seen as well.

Conclusion: DLB should be included in the differential diagnosis of early dementia. If motor manifestations arise within one year (DLB), dopaminergic treatment should be initiated. On the other hand, patients with Parkinson's disease should undergo early screening for signs of dementia so that further diagnostic and therapeutic steps can be taken in timely fashion, as indicated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits and experiential/behavioral disturbances in both DLB (off-label indication) and PDD (approved indication).

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Figures

Figure 1: Clock drawing tests from three patients
Figure 1: Clock drawing tests from three patients
Figure 2: Histology in dementia
Figure 2: Histology in dementia
Figure 3
Figure 3
Algorithm for the treatment of psychosis (adapted from 11, 18); PDD, Parkinson’s disease dementia; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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