Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Jan;27(1):71-80.
doi: 10.1089/aid.2010.0050. Epub 2010 Oct 21.

Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy

B Chaplin  1 , G Eisen, J Idoko, D Onwujekwe, E Idigbe, I Adewole, W Gashau, S Meloni, A D Sarr, J L Sankalé, E Ekong, R L Murphy, P Kanki
Affiliations

Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy

B Chaplin et al. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2011 Jan.

Abstract

A diverse array of non-subtype B HIV-1 viruses circulates in Africa and dominates the global pandemic. It is important to understand how drug resistance mutations in non-B subtypes may develop differently from the patterns described in subtype B. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease sequences from 338 patients with treatment failure to first-line ART regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of subtype on each mutation controlling for regimen, time on therapy, and total mutations. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes included CRF02_AG (45.0%), G (37.9%), CRF06_cpx (4.4%), A (3.6%), and other subtypes or recombinant sequences (9.2%). The most common NRTI mutations were M184V (89.1%) and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs). The most common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (49.7%), K103N (36.4%), G190A (26.3%), and A98G (19.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that CRF02_AG was less likely to have the M41L mutation compared to other subtypes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.35; p = 0.022]. Subtype A patients showed a 42.5-fold increased risk (AOR = 42.5, p = 0.001) for the L210W mutation. Among NNRTI mutations, subtype G patients had an increased risk for A98G (AOR = 2.40, p = 0.036) and V106I (AOR = 6.15, p = 0.010), whereas subtype CRF02_AG patients had an increased risk for V90I (AOR = 3.16; p = 0.003) and a decreased risk for A98G (AOR = 0.48, p = 0.019). Five RT mutations were found to vary significantly between different non-B West African subtypes. Further study to understand the clinical impact of subtype-specific diversity on drug resistance will be critically important to the continued success of ART scale-up in resource-limited settings.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Subtype distribution in HIV among Nigerian patients selected for resistance testing. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/aid.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Frequency of NRTI mutations, by NRTI exposure. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/aid.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Frequency of NNRTI mutations, by NNRTI exposure. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/aid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hemelaar J. Gouws E. Ghys PD. Osmanov S. Global and regional distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and recombinants in 2004. AIDS. 2006;20:W13–23. - PubMed
    1. Essex M. HIV Variability in Africa. A Line Drawn in the Sand: Responses to the AIDS Treatment Crisis in Africa. 2009. pp. 247–261.
    1. Hamel DJ. Sankale JL. Eisen G, et al. Twenty years of prospective molecular epidemiology in Senegal: Changes in HIV diversity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007;23:1189–1196. - PubMed
    1. Howard TM. Olaleye DO. Rasheed S. Sequence analysis of the glycoprotein 120 coding region of a new HIV type 1 strain (HIV-1 IbNg) from Nigeria. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses. 1994;10:1755–1757. - PubMed
    1. Sankale JL. Langevin S. Odaibo G, et al. The complexity of circulating HIV type 1 strains in Oyo state, Nigeria. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007;23:1020–1025. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Associated data