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Review
. 2010 Dec;10(6):534-41.
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283402b41.

Immunodeficiency secondary to anticytokine autoantibodies

Sarah K Browne  1 , Steven M Holland
Affiliations
Review

Immunodeficiency secondary to anticytokine autoantibodies

Sarah K Browne et al. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Anticytokine autoantibodies are an important and emerging mechanism of disease pathogenesis. We will review the clinical and laboratory features of syndromes in which immunodeficiency is caused by or associated with neutralizing anticytokine autoantibodies.

Recent findings: A growing number of patients have been described who demonstrate unique infectious phenotypes associated with neutralizing autoantibodies that target a particular cytokine known to participate in host defense against the offending organism. Examples include antigranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; anti-interferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); anti-interleukin-(IL)-6 autoantibodies and severe staphylococcal skin infection; anti-IL-17A, anti-IL-17F, or anti-IL-22 autoantibodies in patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis in the setting of both the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome and in cases of thymoma.

Summary: Anticytokine autoantibodies have manifestations that are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. These emerging and fascinating causes of acquired immunodeficiency may explain some previously idiopathic syndromes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of currently known anti-cytokine autoantibodies syndromes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between overlapping genetics and phenotype identified in certain anti-cytokine autoantibody-associated syndromes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Riches PL, McRorie E, Fraser WD, Determann C, van’t Hof R, Ralston SH. Osteoporosis associated with neutralizing autoantibodies against osteoprotegerin. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1459–1465. This paper is the first report of severe osteoporosis associated with anti-osteoprotegerin autoantibodies in celiac disease. It underscores the diverse range of phenotypes that may be caused by autoantibodies to endogenous factors.

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