Axial length measurements by contact and immersion techniques in pediatric eyes with cataract

Abstract

Purpose: To compare axial length measurements by contact and immersion techniques in pediatric cataractous eyes.

Design: Prospective, comparative case series.

Participants: In this prospective study, 50 cataractous eyes of 50 children were enrolled. In bilateral cataract, only 1 eye was selected to avoid a correlation effect in statistical analyses.

Methods: Axial length was measured by both contact and immersion techniques for all eyes, randomized as to which to perform first to avoid measurement bias.

Main outcome measures: Axial length measured by contact and immersion techniques and the difference between contact and immersion technique axial length measurements.

Results: Mean age±standard deviation at cataract surgery and at axial length measurement was 3.87±3.72 years. Axial length measurement by contact technique was significantly shorter as compared with immersion technique (21.36±3.04 mm and 21.63±3.09 mm, respectively; P<0.001). Axial length measurements using the contact technique were on an average 0.27 mm shorter than those obtained using the immersion technique. Forty-two eyes (84%) had shorter axial length when measured using the contact technique as compared with the immersion technique. Lens thickness measurement by contact technique was not significantly different from that of immersion technique (3.61±0.74 and 3.60±0.67 mm, respectively; P = 0.673). Anterior chamber depth measurement was significantly more shallow with the contact technique (3.39±0.59 mm and 3.69±0.54 mm, respectively; P<0.001). Intraocular lens power needed for emmetropia was significantly different (28.68 diopters [D] vs. 27.63 D; P<0.001).

Conclusions: Contact A-scan measurements yielded shorter axial length than immersion A-scan measurements. This difference was mainly the result of the anterior chamber depth rather than the lens thickness value. During intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, if axial length measured by contact technique is used, it will result in the use of an average 1-D stronger IOL power than is actually required. This can lead to induced myopia in the postoperative refraction.

Figure 1

Scatterplot of age versus difference in axial length value

Figure 2

Scatterplot of immersion axial length versus difference in axial length value

Figure 3

Scatterplot of pachymetry versus difference in axial length value

Figure 4

Scatterplot of lens thickness versus difference in axial length value

Figure 5

Scatterplot of anterior chamber depth versus difference in axial length value

Figure 6

Histogram showing axial length at difference and frequency