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. 2010 Oct 5:5:735-42.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S13537.

Effects of oridonin nanosuspension on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human prostatic carcinoma PC-3 cell line

Zhen Zhang  1 , Xiumei Zhang, Wei Xue, Yuna Yangyang, Derong Xu, Yunxue Zhao, Haiyan Lou
Affiliations

Effects of oridonin nanosuspension on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human prostatic carcinoma PC-3 cell line

Zhen Zhang et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of oridonin nanosuspension on human prostatic carcinoma PC-3 cell line in vitro. The PC-3 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of oridonin solution and nanosuspensions for 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was performed to measure cellular viability and investigate the effect of oridonin on cell growth of PC-3. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method was used to determine the effect of oridonin by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry, respectively. Nanosuspension on early apoptosis of PC-3 cells was also evaluated. Oridonin significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells after 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours of treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Compared with the same concentration of oridonin solution, oridonin nanosuspension enhanced the inhibition ratio of proliferation. The observation of propidium iodide fluorescence staining confirmed the MTT assay results. The cell proportion of PC-3 at the G2/M phase in the nanosuspension treatment group was upregulated compared with that of the control and oridonin solution groups. Both oridonin solution and nanosuspension promoted the early apoptosis of PC-3 cells. Furthermore, while improving the ratio of early apoptosis, oridonin nanosuspensions also enhanced growth suppression, and induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells. This shows great potential in the treatment of androgen-independent carcinoma of prostate by oridonin nanosuspensions.

Keywords: PC-3 cells; apoptosis; carcinoma of prostate; cell cycle; nanosuspension; oridonin.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Molecular structure of oridonin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
MTT assay showing that the treatment of ORI nanosuspension and free ORI solution inhibit growth of PC-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Notes: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 versus the same dose of free ORI solution group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of oridonin nanosuspension on apoptosis morphological change of PC-3 cells (X200).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of oridonin nanosuspension on the proliferation cycle of PC-3 cells. A) Control. B) 25 μmol/L ORI solution. C) 25 μmol/L ORI nanosuspension. D) 50 μmol/L ORI solution. E) 50 μmol/L ORI nanosuspension.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of oridonin nanosuspension on early apoptosis ratio of PC-3 cells (n = 3). Notes: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 versus the same dose of free ORI solution group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of oridonin nanosuspensions on early apoptosis of PC-3 cells. A) Control. B) 25 μmol/L ORI solution. C) 50 μmol/L ORI solution. D) 25 μmol/L ORI nanosuspension. E) 50 μmol/L ORI nanosuspension.
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