Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Nov 4:7:300.
doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-300.

Retrospective seroepidemiology indicated that human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulated wildly in central and southern China before large-scale outbreaks from 2008

Zhen Zhu  1 , Shuangli Zhu, Xuebin Guo, Jitao Wang, Dongyan Wang, Dongmei Yan, Xiaojuan Tan, Liuying Tang, Hui Zhu, Zhaohui Yang, Xiaohong Jiang, Yixin Ji, Yong Zhang, Wenbo Xu
Affiliations

Retrospective seroepidemiology indicated that human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulated wildly in central and southern China before large-scale outbreaks from 2008

Zhen Zhu et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

Background: Large nationwide outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in China from 2008; most of the cases were in children under 5 years. This study aims to identify the situation of natural human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infections in children before 2008 in China.

Results: Retrospective seroepidemiologic studies of HEV71 and CVA16 were performed with 900 serum samples collected from children ≤5 years of age in 2005. The samples were collected from 6 different geographical areas (Anhui, Guangdong, Hunan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Heilongjiang provinces) in mainland China. Of the 900 samples, 288 were positive for HEV71; the total positive rate was 32.0% and the geometric mean titer (GMT) was 1:8.5. Guangdong (43.7% and 1:10.8), Xinjiang (45.4% and 1:11.1), and Yunnan (43.4% and 1:12.0) provinces had relatively high rates of infection, while Heilongjiang province (8.1% and 1:4.9) had the lowest rate of infection. On the other hand, 390 samples were positive for CVA16; the total positive rate was 43.4% and the GMT was 1:9.5. Anhui (62.2% and 1:16.0) and Hunan (61.1% and 1:23.1) had relatively high rates, while Heilongjiang (8.0% and 1:4.6) had the lowest rate. Although there is a geographical difference in HEV71 and CVA16 infections, low neutralizing antibody positive rate and titer of both viruses were found in all 6 provinces.

Conclusions: This report confirmed that HEV71 and CVA16 had wildly circulated in a couple provinces in China before the large-scale outbreaks from 2008. This finding also suggests that public health measures to control the spread of HEV71 and CVA16 should be devised according to the different regional characteristics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Positive rates of neutralizing antibody and geometric mean titers (GMT) of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) in 6 provinces of China.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Neutralizing antibody levels of HEV71 and CVA16 in 6 provinces of China.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Provinces from where serum samples were collected. Abbreviations of provinces of China: AH, Anhui; GD, Guangdong; HLJ, Heilongjiang; HN, Hunan; XJ, Xinjiang; YN, Yunnan.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Schmidt NJ, Lennette EH, Ho HH. An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system. J Infect Dis. 1974;129:304–309. - PubMed
    1. Li L, He Y, Yang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Dong J, Zhu Y, Jin Q. Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3835–3839. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Perera D, Podin Y, Akin W, Tan CS, Cardosa MJ. Incorrect identification of recent Asian strains of Coxsackievirus A16 as human enterovirus 71: improved primers for the specific detection of human enterovirus 71 by RT PCR. BMC Infect Dis. 2004;4:11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-11. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, Tsao KC, Shih SR, Kuo ML, Ning HC, Chung PW, Kang CM. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092–1096. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199912000-00013. - DOI - PubMed
    1. McMinn PC. An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002;26:91–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00601.x. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Substances

LinkOut - more resources