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. 2011 Jan 10;175(1-2):33-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.030. Epub 2010 Oct 7.

Multi-locus DNA sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from Brazilian pigs identifies genetically divergent strains

E Frazão-Teixeira  1 , N Sundar, J P Dubey, M E Grigg, F C R de Oliveira
Affiliations

Multi-locus DNA sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from Brazilian pigs identifies genetically divergent strains

E Frazão-Teixeira et al. Vet Parasitol. .

Abstract

Five Toxoplasma gondii isolates (TgPgBr1-5) were isolated from hearts and brains of pigs freshly purchased at the market of Campos dos Goytacazes, Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Four of the five isolates were highly pathogenic in mice. Four genotypes were identified. Multi-locus PCR-DNA sequencing showed that each strain possessed a unique combination of archetypal and novel alleles not previously described in South America. The data suggest that different strains circulate in pigs destined for human consumption from those previously isolated from cats and chickens in Brazil. Further, multi-locus PCR-RFLP analyses failed to accurately genotype the Brazilian isolates due to the high presence of atypical alleles. This is the first report of multi-locus DNA sequencing of T. gondii isolates in pigs from Brazil.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Polymorphisms at 9 genetic markers by direct PCR-DNA sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs from Brazil DNA Sequence analysis at A) c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1; B) SAG1, SAG2, BTUB, B1 and C) GRA6. Consensus sequence is defined as the nucleotide shared by at least two of the three archetypal Type I, II and III strain alleles. Numerical positions refer to sites in the published sequences (GenBank accession no. EU258475, EU258490, L42007, X14080, M33572, AY143127, AF179871 and F239283 for c22-8, L358, PK1, SAG1, SAG2, BTUB, B1 and GRA6 respectively). For c29-2, the amplicon was blasted (using the BlastN algorithm) at ToxoDB (www.toxodb.org) and the corresponding RH sequence used as the reference. “.” indicates identity with consensus; “-” indicates an insertion/deletion “u” indicates a nonarchetypal allele; I, II or III refers to an archetypal allelic sequence from a Type I, II or III strain.
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