The many faces of S100B protein: when an extracellular factor inactivates its own receptor and activates another one

Abstract

The Ca(2+)-binding protein of the EF-hand type, S100B, is an intracellular regulator and an extracellular signal. Within cells S100B interacts with several proteins thereby regulating energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, protein phosphorylation and degradation, and cell locomotion, proliferation and differentiation. Once secreted/released, S100B exerts autocrine and paracrine effects on responsive cells by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end products. However, recent evidence suggests that S100B might also activate basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 via prior binding to basic fibroblast growth factor.