Prevalence of and risk factors for pre-diabetes in HIV-1-infected patients in Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract

Pre-diabetes substantially increases the risk of developing macrovascular complication and progression to diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for pre-diabetes in HIV-1-infected patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients who visited the infectious diseases clinic in a university hospital. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was performed. There were 149 patients, mean age 42.2 years, and 65.1% were males. Median CD4 count was 434 cells/mm(3). In total, 92% have received antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a median duration of 0.8 years. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 27.5%. From multivariate analysis, body weight ([BW] per 5 kg increase, odds ratio [OR] = 1.241; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014-1.518; P = .036) and, tentatively, male gender (OR = 2.906; 95% CI, 0.941-8.976; P = .064) were risk factors for pre-diabetes. Nevirapine (NVP) use (OR = 0.383; 95% CI, 0.161-0.910; P = .030) was a protective factor for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is common in HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART. Screening for pre-diabetes and active management should be performed in patients with risk factors.