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. 2011 Mar;106(3):657-69.
doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03194.x. Epub 2010 Nov 16.

Probability and predictors of remission from life-time nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine dependence: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Catalina Lopez-Quintero  1 , Deborah S Hasin, José Pérez de Los Cobos, Abigail Pines, Shuai Wang, Bridget F Grant, Carlos Blanco
Affiliations

Probability and predictors of remission from life-time nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine dependence: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Catalina Lopez-Quintero et al. Addiction. 2011 Mar.

Abstract

Aim: To estimate the general and racial/ethnic specific cumulative probability of remission from nicotine alcohol cannabis or cocaine dependence, and to identify predictors of remission across substances.

Design: Data were collected from structured diagnostic interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV version.

Setting: The 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) surveyed a nationally representative sample from US adults (n = 43,093) selected in a three-stage sampling design.

Participants: The subsamples of individuals with life-time DSM-IV diagnosis of dependence on nicotine (n = 6937), alcohol (n = 4781), cannabis (n = 530) and cocaine (n = 408).

Measurements: Cumulative probability estimates of dependence remission for the general population and across racial/ethnic groups. Hazard ratios for remission from dependence.

Findings: Life-time cumulative probability estimates of dependence remission were 83.7% for nicotine, 90.6% for alcohol, 97.2% for cannabis and 99.2% for cocaine. Half of the cases of nicotine, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine dependence remitted approximately 26, 14, 6 and 5 years after dependence onset, respectively. Males, Blacks and individuals with diagnosis of personality disorders and history of substance use comorbidity exhibited lower hazards of remission for at least two substances.

Conclusions: A significant proportion of individuals with dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine achieve remission at some point in their life-time, although the probability and time to remission varies by substance and racial/ethnic group. Several predictors of remission are shared by at least two substances, suggesting that the processes of remission overlap. The lower rates of remission of individuals with comorbid personality or substance use disorders highlight the need for providing coordinated psychiatric and substance abuse interventions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative probability of remission from lifetime dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative probability of remission from lifetime nicotine dependence by racial-ethnic group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cumulative probability of remission from lifetime alcohol dependence by racial-ethnic group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cumulative probability of remission from lifetime cannabis dependence by racial-ethnic group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cumulative probability of remission from lifetime cocaine dependence by racial-ethnic group.
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