Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Nov 8;5(11):e13881.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013881.

Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union

Jose M Martínez-Sánchez  1 , Esteve Fernández, Marcela Fu, Silvano Gallus, Cristina Martínez, Xisca Sureda, Carlo La Vecchia, Luke Clancy
Affiliations

Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union

Jose M Martínez-Sánchez et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27).

Methods/principal findings: Ecologic study in the EU27. We used data from the TCS in 2007 and from the Eurobarometer on Tobacco Survey in 2008. We analysed the relations between the TCS and prevalence of smoking, self-reported exposure to SHS (home and work), and attitudes towards smoking bans by means of scatter plots and Spearman rank-correlation coefficients (r(sp)). Among the EU27, smoking prevalence varied from 22.6% in Slovenia to 42.1% in Greece. Austria was the country with the lowest TCS score (35) and the UK had the highest one (93). The correlation between smoking prevalence and TCS score was negative (r(sp) = -0.42, p = 0.03) and the correlation between TCS score and support to smoking bans in all workplaces was positive (r(sp) = 0.47, p = 0.01 in restaurants; r(sp) = 0.5, p = 0.008 in bars, pubs, and clubs; and r(sp) = 0.31, p = 0.12 in other indoor workplaces). The correlation between TCS score and self-reported exposure to SHS was negative, but statistically non-significant.

Conclusions/significance: Countries with a higher score in the TCS have higher support towards smoking bans in all workplaces (including restaurants, bars, pubs and clubs, and other indoor workplaces). TCS scores were strongly, but not statistically, associated with a lower prevalence of smokers and a lower self-reported exposure to SHS.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Correlation between Tobacco Control Scale score and prevalence of smoking status (current smokers and former smokers) and self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home and at work in the European Union (EU27).
rsp: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. † Current smokers: daily and occasionally smokers. ‡ Only non-smokers' exposure to SHS at home. § Smokers and non-smokers' exposure to SHS at work.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Correlation between Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and attitudes to smoking bans (somewhat in favour or totally in favour) in the European Union (EU27).
rsp: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. US Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004. The health consequences of smoking.
    1. US Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General.
    1. World Health Organization (WHO) Geneve: World Health Organization; 2008. MPOWER. WHO Report on the Global tobacco epidemic.
    1. IARC Working Group. Lyon: International Agency of Research on Cancer; 2009. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention: tobacco control. Vol. 13. Evaluation of the effectiveness of smoke-free polices.
    1. Callinan JE, Clarke A, Doherty K, Kelleher C. Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005992. 2010. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005992.pub2. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances