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Comparative Study
. 2010 Nov 16:13:45.
doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-45.

Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV-1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Munyaradzi P Mapingure  1 , Sia Msuya, Nyaradzai E Kurewa, Marshal W Munjoma, Noel Sam, Mike Z Chirenje, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Letten F Saugstad, Sake J de Vlas, Babill Stray-Pedersen
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV-1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Munyaradzi P Mapingure et al. J Int AIDS Soc. .

Abstract

Background: Substantial heterogeneity in HIV prevalence has been observed within sub-Saharan Africa. It is not clear which factors can explain these differences. Our aim was to identify risk factors that could explain the large differences in HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Moshi, Tanzania.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from a two-centre study that enrolled pregnant women in Harare (N = 691) and Moshi (N = 2654) was used. Consenting women were interviewed about their socio-demographic background and sexual behaviour, and tested for presence of sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections. Prevalence distribution of risk factors for HIV acquisition and spread were compared between the two areas.

Results: The prevalence of HIV-1 among pregnant women was 26% in Zimbabwe and 7% in Tanzania. The HIV prevalence in both countries rises constantly with age up to the 25-30 year age group. After that, it continues to rise among Zimbabwean women, while it drops for Tanzanian women. Risky sexual behaviour was more prominent among Tanzanians than Zimbabweans. Mobility and such infections as HSV-2, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis were more prevalent among Zimbabweans than Tanzanians. Reported male partner circumcision rates between the two countries were widely different, but the effect of male circumcision on HIV prevalence was not apparent within the populations.

Conclusions: The higher HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Zimbabwe compared with Tanzania cannot be explained by differences in risky sexual behaviour: all risk factors tested for in our study were higher for Tanzania than Zimbabwe. Non-sexual transmission of HIV might have played an important role in variation of HIV prevalence. Male circumcision rates and mobility could contribute to the rate and extent of spread of HIV in the two countries.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of HIV infection by age group for 691 pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe and 2654 pregnant women in Moshi, Tanzania
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. UNAIDS. 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS; 2008.
    1. UNAIDS. 2008 Status of the Global HIV Epidemic: sub-Saharan Africa. UNAIDS; 2008.
    1. United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) Zimbabwe Report for HIV and AIDS. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/zimbabwe_2008_country_progress_re... January 2006-December 2007. Accessed on 21 October 2010.
    1. ANC HIV estimates technical working group, Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOHCW) Final Report for the Zimbabwe national HIV and AIDS estimates 2009. http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId = 1121703 Accessed on 21 October 2010.
    1. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National Aids Control Programme, Tanzania. Surveillance of HIV and syphilis infections among antenatal clinic attendees 2005/6. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare; 2006. - PMC - PubMed

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