Prevalence and predictors of weight-loss maintenance in a biracial cohort: results from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study

Abstract

Background: Few population-based studies have examined the behavioral and psychosocial predictors of long-term weight-loss maintenance.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of weight-loss maintenance in a biracial cohort of younger adults.

Methods: This study examined a population-based sample of overweight/obese African-American and white men and women who had ≥ 5% weight loss between 1995 and 2000. Subsequent changes in weight, physical activity, and behavioral and psychosocial factors were examined between 2000 and 2005. Analyses were conducted in 2008-2009.

Results: Among the 1869 overweight/obese individuals without major disease in 1995, a total of 536 (29%) lost ≥ 5% between 1995 and 2000. Among those who lost weight, 34% (n=180) maintained at least 75% of their weight loss between 2000 and 2005, whereas 66% subsequently regained. Higher odds of successful weight-loss maintenance were related to African-American race (OR=1.7, p=0.03); smoking (OR=3.4, p=0.0001); history of diabetes (OR=2.2, p=0.04); increases in moderate physical activity between 2000 and 2005 (OR=1.4, p=0.005); increases in emotional support over the same period (OR=1.6, p=0.01); and less sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption in 2005 (OR=0.8, p=0.006).

Conclusions: One third of overweight men and women who lost weight were able to maintain 75% or more of their weight loss over 5 years. Interventions to promote weight-loss maintenance may benefit from targeting increased physical activity and emotional support and decreased sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption.

Figure 1

Scheme for assessing weight loss maintenance in overweight or obese participants who had lost ≥ 5% of their body weight between 1995 and 2000, and maintained ≥ 75% of the weight loss between 2000 and 2005. Weight regain was defined as regaining >25% of weight loss. All participants were without self-reported major disease or pregnancy in 1995.