Endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices in advanced liver disease patients: band ligation versus cyanoacrylate injection

Abstract

Background: The results of variceal band ligation (VBL) in patients with advanced liver disease are unknown. Cyanoacrylate injection (CI) might have a better outcome than VBL in the treatment of esophageal varices (EV) in these patients.

Aim: To compare VBL and CI in the treatment of EV in patients with advanced liver disease.

Patients and methods: Thirty-eight patients with medium or large EV and Child-Pugh index of at least eight were randomized into two groups: VBL (n=20) and CI (n=18). The patients were followed-up for at least 6 months after the end of treatment. Main outcomes were eradication, bleeding, mortality, complication, and recurrence rates.

Results: Variceal eradication rates were similar in the VBL and CI groups (90 vs. 72%, P=0.39). Mean number of sessions until eradication was 3.17 and 3, respectively. Bleeding episodes until eradication were equally observed in both groups (P=0.17). Mortality (55 vs. 56%, P=0.52) and major complication rates (5 and 17%, P=0.32) were similar. Chest pain with dysphagia was more frequent in the CI group (55.6 vs. 10%, P=0.004). A higher risk of variceal recurrence was observed in the CI group (33 vs. 57%, P=0.04).

Conclusion: No significant differences between the VBL and CI groups were observed in the treatment of EV in patients with advanced liver disease regarding mortality, variceal eradication, and major complications rates. However, minor complications and variceal recurrence were significantly more common in the CI group. In addition, there was a clear trend toward more bleeding episodes in patients included in the CI group.