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Review
. 2011 Jan;57(1):11-7.
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157727. Epub 2010 Nov 22.

Dopamine receptors: important antihypertensive counterbalance against hypertensive factors

Chunyu Zeng  1 , Pedro A Jose
Affiliations
Review

Dopamine receptors: important antihypertensive counterbalance against hypertensive factors

Chunyu Zeng et al. Hypertension. 2011 Jan.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Synthesis and metabolism of dopamine in neural and renal proximal tubule cells
The catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) are synthesized from the same precursors, the amino acid tyrosine and its hydroxylated product L-3, 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA). Dopamine synthesis differs between neural and renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells. Neural cells express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, which is decarboxylated to dopamine, via aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC). Dopamine is converted to norepinephrine by dopamine β–hydroxylase (DBH). In tissues expressing phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) (e.g., adrenal medulla, heart, and some areas of the brain) norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine. In contrast, RPT cells do not express TH or DBH; dopamine, synthesized from L-DOPA taken up from the glomerular filtrate and the circulation, is not converted to norepinephrine.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Dysfunction of renal D1-like receptors in hypertension
In hypertension, constitutively active GRK4 gene variants (R65L, A142V, and A486V) increase the phosphorylation of D1 receptors uncoupling them from their G protein/effector complex. This results in impairment in the ability of the D1 receptor to increase production of second messengers and inhibit the activity of sodium transporters/pump (e.g., NHE3, Na+-K+ ATPase).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Dopamine counterbalances the prohypertensive effects of α–adrenergic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems
Stimulation of dopamine receptors inhibits catecholamine and renin release*, AT1 receptor (and probably α-adrenergic)-mediated sodium reabsorption. Actions of dopamine receptors, by themselves, and by counterbalancing the prohypertensive effects of α-adrenergic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, keep the blood pressure in the normal range. *D1 receptors inhibit renin release but can stimulate it in the absence of COX2.
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