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. 2006 Feb;3(2):46-57.

Clinical translation of neuroimaging research in mood disorders

Jakub Z Konarski  1 , Roger S McIntyre, Joanna K Soczynska, Alexandra Bottas, Sidney H Kennedy
Affiliations

Clinical translation of neuroimaging research in mood disorders

Jakub Z Konarski et al. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2006 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Practitioners are increasingly presented with data procured from studies employing advanced neuroimaging techniques. The central role that neuroimaging occupies in contemporary psychiatric research highlights the need for practitioner familiarity with the neuroimaging technology and its clinical translation.

Methods: We conducted a PubMed search of all English-language articles published between January 1964 - October 2005. The search words were major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), region of interest (ROI), blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD), glucose metabolism, blood flow, statistical parametric mapping (SPM), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). The search was supplemented with a manual review of relevant references. The authors organize the review by addressing frequently asked questions on the topic of neuroimaging by mental healthcare providers.

Results: The localization of regional brain volumetric abnormalities with CT is enhanced with MRI techniques that allow for a separate assay of white and gray matter pathology (segmentation), cellular metabolism (MRS), and neurocircuitry (DTI). Positron emission tomography permits the quantification of brain glucose metabolism, regional blood flow, and receptor/transporter localization and function. Rapid changes in regional oxygen consumption may also be quantified with fMRI.

Conclusions: Neuroimaging technology has helped refine pathophysiological models of disease activity in mood disorders and illuminate mechanisms of drug activity. A priority research vista in mood disorders is the integration of neuroimaging investigations with other research methods (e.g., genetics, endocrinology, etc.).

Keywords: bipolar disorder; blood-oxygen level dependent; diffusion tensor imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; major depressive disorder; neuroimaging; positron-emission tomography; region of interest; single-photon emission-computed tomography; statistical parametric mapping; voxel-based morphometry.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The subgenual cingulate cortex
Figure 2
Figure 2
The neurocircuitry of mood disorders
Figure 3
Figure 3
The neurobiology of the fMRI signal
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analyzing fMRI data from a block design
Figure 5
Figure 5
Neuroimaging coordinates
Figure 6
Figure 6
The MRS spectrum of neuronal markers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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