Liver diffusion-weighted MR imaging: the tower of Babel?

Abstract

There is a growing amount of literature regarding diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the liver. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was introduced in 1986 and is used extensively in studies. However, methods for calculating ADC vary considerably and the value of the ADC strongly depends on the b values chosen for its calculation. Indeed, the ADC incorporates the effects of both diffusion and perfusion, which can vary independently. Since signal attenuation as a function of b follows a bi-exponential pattern, other diffusion/perfusion coefficients can be calculated using DWI, and these may provide more meaningful measurements than the ADC. The absence of standardization for both the terminology and the methodology in DWI of the liver makes it difficult for readers to understand the technique used and strongly limits comparisons between studies. Here, we review the main principles of DWI of the liver, the limits of the ADC, and the exciting capabilities of multi-parametric DWI. We also insisted on the need for a common language for DWI of the liver.