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. 2010 Dec;83(6):1230-7.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0353.

Limited polymorphism of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 gene in isolates from Turkey

Fadile Yildiz Zeyrek  1 , Shin-Ichiro Tachibana, Fehmi Yuksel, Nebiye Doni, Nirianne Palacpac, Nobuko Arisue, Toshihiro Horii, Cevayir Coban, Kazuyuki Tanabe
Affiliations

Limited polymorphism of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 gene in isolates from Turkey

Fadile Yildiz Zeyrek et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Dec.

Abstract

The 200-kD merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP-1) is one of the leading vaccine candidates against P. vivax malaria. However, the gene encoding PvMSP-1 (pvmsp1) is highly polymorphic and is a major obstacle to effective vaccine development. To further understand polymorphism in pvmsp1, we obtained 30 full-length pvmsp1 sequences from southeastern Turkey. Comparative analysis of sequences from Turkey and other areas showed substantially limited polymorphism. Substitutions were found at 280 and 162 amino acid sites in samples from other regions and those from Turkey, respectively. Eight substitutions were unique to Turkey. In one of them, D/E at position 1706 in the C-terminal 19-kD region, the K/E change at 1709 was the only polymorphism previously known. Limited diversity was also observed in microsatellites. Data suggest a recent population bottleneck in Turkey that may have obscured a signature for balancing selection in the C-terminal 42-kD region, which was otherwise detectable in other areas.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Map of Turkey showing Sanliurfa, the study area, where Plasmodium vivax isolates were obtained in Siverek and Harran provinces. Circles on the right indicate the number of malaria cases each year during 2001–2009 in provinces in Sanliurfa.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Annual incidence of Plasmodium vivax cases in Sanliurfa, southeastern Turkey, according to the National Malaria Control Center in Sanliurfa during 1981–2009. The y-axis is scaled for 2004–2009 to show the incidence (inset on the right).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Rate of synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitutions per synonymous and nonsynonymous sites in the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein gene (pvmsp1) from Turkey, Thailand, and Brazil. The pvmsp1 sequence was separated into three regions: the N-terminal, central, and C-terminal regions. The C-terminal 42-kD polypeptide region was further divided into the 33-kD and 19-kD regions. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001.
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