Emergence of and risk factors for ciprofloxacin-gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections in a region of Quebec
- PMID: 21119795
- PMCID: PMC2807251
- DOI: 10.1155/2009/971624
Emergence of and risk factors for ciprofloxacin-gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections in a region of Quebec
Abstract
Background: An increased incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by ciprofloxacin-gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli (CiGREC) has been observed in a tertiary care centre in Sherbrooke, Quebec. The risk factors for such infections remained unclear.
Methods: To determine risk factors for, and outcomes of, CiGREC UTIs, a case control study was conducted. Between 2000 and 2007, 93 cases and 186 controls were identified using laboratory records of patients with greater than 10(7) colony-forming units/L of E coli in a urinary specimen. Cases had E coli with minimum inhibitory concentration to ciprofloxacin of 4 mg/L or greater and minimum inhibitory concentration to gentamicin of 8 mg/L or greater (CiGREC), and controls had E coli with any other susceptibility pattern to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of CiGREC increased sixfold during the study period. Risk factors associated with CiGREC UTI were advanced age, male sex, urological abnormality, domicile outside Sherbrooke, living in a nursing home (AOR 11.73; 95% CI 3.70 to 37.15), use of fluoroquinolones (AOR 15.24; 95% CI 5.42 to 42.83) or aminoglycosides (AOR 6.59; 95% CI 1.22 to 35.61) within the previous month, and use of fluoroquinolones during the preceding one to 12 months (AOR 2.45; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.62). Compared with controls, cases were more likely not to receive an active antibiotic as empirical or definitive treatment, and were more likely to relapse.
Interpretation: In the future, it may become necessary to avoid selecting as empirical therapy of urinary tract infection an antibiotic to which the patient has been recently exposed.
HISTORIQUE :: On a observé une incidence accrue d’infections urinaires (IU) à Escherichia coli résistantes à la ciprofloxacine et à la gentamicine (ECRCiG) dans un centre de soins tertiaires de Sherbrooke, au Québec. Les facteurs de risque de ces infections demeurent nébuleux.
MÉTHODOLOGIE :: Pour déterminer les facteurs de risque et les issues des IU à ECRCiG, les auteurs ont effectué une étude cas-témoins. Entre 2000 et 2007, ils ont repéré 93 cas et 186 sujets témoins au moyen des dossiers de laboratoire des patients dont l’échantillon d’urine contenait plus de 107 unités formant des colonies/L d’E coli. Les cas présentaient un E coli à la concentration inhibitrice minimale à la ciprofloxacine de 4 mg/L ou plus et à la concentration inhibitrice minimale à la gentomicine de 8 mg/L ou plus (ECRCiG), et les sujet témoins avaient un E coli dont le profil de susceptibilité à la ciprofloxacine et à la gentomicine était différent. Les auteurs ont colligé les données cliniques et de laboratoire et calculé le rapport de risque rajusté (RRR) et leur 95 % IC au moyen de la régression logistique.
RÉSULTATS :: La prévalence d’ECRCiG a sextuplé pendant la période de l’étude. Les facteurs de risque associés aux IU à ECRCiG étaient l’âge avancé, le sexe masculin, une anomalie urologique, le fait d’habiter à l’extérieur de Sherbrooke, le fait d’habiter dans un centre d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée (RRR 11,73; 95 % IC 3,70 à 37,15) le recours aux fluoroquinolones (RRR 15,24; 95 % IC 5,42 à 42,83) ou aux aminoglycosides (RRR 6,59; 95 % IC 1,22 à 35,61) au cours du mois précédent et aux fluoriquonolones (RRR 2,45; 95 % IC 1,06 à 5,62) au cours des un à 12 mois précédents. Par rapport aux sujets témoins, les cas étaient plus susceptibles de ne pas recevoir un antibiotique actif comme traitement empirique ou définitif et étaient également plus susceptibles de faire une rechute.
INTERPRÉTATION :: À l’avenir, il deviendra peut-être nécessaire d’éviter de sélectionner, pour le traitement empirique d’une infection urinaire, un antibiotique auquel le patient a récemment été exposé.
Keywords: Canada; Ciprofloxacin; Escherichia coli; Gentamicin; Urinary tract infections.
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