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Review
. 2011 Apr;41(2):192-207.
doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9252-y.

New methods for tobacco dependence treatment research

Timothy B Baker  1 , Robin Mermelstein, Linda M Collins, Megan E Piper, Douglas E Jorenby, Stevens S Smith, Bruce A Christiansen, Tanya R Schlam, Jessica W Cook, Michael C Fiore
Affiliations
Review

New methods for tobacco dependence treatment research

Timothy B Baker et al. Ann Behav Med. 2011 Apr.

Erratum in

  • Ann Behav Med. 2011 Aug;42(1):139

Abstract

Introduction: Despite advances in tobacco dependence treatment in the past two decades, progress has been inconsistent and slow. This paper reviews pervasive methodological issues that may contribute to the lack of timely progress in tobacco treatment science including the lack of a dynamic model or framework of the cessation process, inefficient study designs, and the use of distal outcome measures that poorly index treatment effects. The authors then present a phase-based cessation framework that partitions the cessation process into four discrete phases based on current theories of cessation and empirical data. These phases include: (1) Motivation, (2) Precessation, (3) Cessation, and (4) Maintenance.

Discussion: Within this framework, it is possible to identify phase-specific challenges that a smoker would encounter while quitting smoking, intervention components that would address these phase-specific challenges, mechanisms via which such interventions would exert their effects, and optimal outcome measures linked to these phase-specific interventions. Investigation of phase-based interventions can be accelerated by using efficient study designs that would permit more timely development of an optimal smoking cessation treatment package.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential Conflicts of Interest: Timothy B. Baker, Robin Mermelstein, Megan E. Piper, Jessica W. Cook, Stevens S. Smith, and Tanya R. Schlam have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Douglas E. Jorenby has received research support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Cancer Institute, Pfizer, Inc., Sanofi-Synthelabo, and Nabi Biopharmaceuticals. He has received support for educational activities from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Veterans Administration, and consulting fees from Nabi Biopharmaceuticals. Stevens S. Smith has received research support from Elan Corporation, plc. Over the last three years, Michael C. Fiore served as an investigator on research studies at the University of Wisconsin that were funded by Nabi Biopharmaceuticals.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Longitudinal Phase-Based Model of Cessation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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