[Progress of study on antitumor effects of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity--review]

Abstract

In recent years, as increasing of monoclonal antibody application in clinic, the antitumor effect of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) get increasing attention. The natural killer (NK) cells are the most important effector cells mediating specific antitumor of ADCC; the phagocytes, T-cells and granulocytes have the definite effect on antitumor of ADCC. ADCC is confirmed as the important mechanism and means for clinically treating the cancers with monoclonal antibodies. The IgG antibody firstly combines with target cells (tumor cells) through antigen-binding sites, and then FcγR on effector cells identifies its Fc fragment and mediates ADCC. Today many kinds of monoclonal antibodies have been put into clinical application such as rituximab and other new anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies including trastuzumab, erbitux, cetuximab, edrecolomab, nimotuzumab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin and so on, which all can mediate ADCC. The antitumor effects of ADCC mediated by monoclonal antibody can be influenced by IgG Fc receptor gene polymorphism, tumor cell antigen, serum antibody levels, cytokines and drugs etc. As to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ADCC efficacies of FcγRIIIa-158V/V and FcγRIIa-131H/H are higher than that of other genotypes, while increasing the level of tumor antigen and decreasing the level of serum antibody or adding some cytokines (IL-2, IL-21, IL-15, etc) may elevate the ADCC effect mediated by monoclonal antibodies. Avoiding use of certain drugs (dexamethasone, TNF antagonist) or appropriately using of ondansetron and clemastine also can enhance the anti-tumor effect of ADCC mediated by monoclonal antibodies. In short, ADCC is very important in clinical application for anti-tumor treatment, but its efficacy may be impacted by multiple factors.In this article, the killing mechanisms of ADCC, the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies with antitumor effect of ADCC, the factors influencing anti-tumor efficacy of ADCC, and the antitumor effects of ADCC by other cells are reviewed.