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. 2010 Nov 9;11(11):4488-505.
doi: 10.3390/ijms11114488.

Proteomic analysis of whole human saliva detects enhanced expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thioredoxin and lipocalin-1 in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers

Kala Jessie  1 , Wei Wei Pang, Zubaidah Haji, Abdul Rahim, Onn Haji Hashim
Affiliations

Proteomic analysis of whole human saliva detects enhanced expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thioredoxin and lipocalin-1 in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers

Kala Jessie et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

A gel-based proteomics approach was used to screen for proteins of differential abundance between the saliva of smokers and those who had never smoked. Subjecting precipitated proteins from whole human saliva of healthy non-smokers to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) generated typical profiles comprising more than 50 proteins. While 35 of the proteins were previously established by other researchers, an additional 22 proteins were detected in the 2-DE saliva protein profiles generated in the present study. When the 2-DE profiles were compared to those obtained from subjects considered to be heavy cigarette smokers, three saliva proteins, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thioredoxin and lipocalin-1, showed significant enhanced expression. The distribution patterns of lipocalin-1 isoforms were also different between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The three saliva proteins have good potential to be used as biomarkers for the adverse effects of smoking and the risk for inflammatory and chronic diseases that are associated with it.

Keywords: biomarker; proteome; saliva; smoker.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Typical 2-DE profile of precipitated saliva proteins obtained from non-smokers. A total of 108 protein spots (circled and numbered) were identified by mass spectrometry and database search (please refer to Table 2). Acid side of 2-DE gel is to the left and relative molecular mass declines from the top.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Cropped images of saliva proteins in the 2-DE gels of non-smokers and smokers. Representative gels of two differentially expressed saliva proteins are shown. Spot numbers are those referred to in Table 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Cropped images of lipocalin-1 isoform spots in the 2-DE gels of non-smokers and smokers. Six representative gels are shown. The isoform spots a to g are marked in the gels (only represented in one of the images so as not to affect image display). Detailed densitometry analysis of the isoform spots is demonstrated in Table 4.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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