Plasma long-chain fatty acids profile and metabolic outcomes in normolipidaemic obese children after one-year nutritional intervention

Abstract

Aim: To assess the association between changes in plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) profile and metabolic outcomes after 1-year nutritional intervention in normolipidaemic obese children.

Methods: Fifty-seven normolipidaemic obese children, aged 8-13 years, were recruited in the study. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated. Fasting blood samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lipid profile and fatty acid (FA) levels at baseline and after an 1-year nutritional-behaviour intervention. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).

Results: Fifty-one obese children completed the study. At the end of the intervention, the children showed decreased BMI z-score (mean reduction 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.31), HOMA index (1.6; 0.6-2.5), plasma-saturated FA (1.49; 0.67-2.31 mg/dL), C20:3n-9 (0.05; 0.02-0.07 mg/dL) and increased plasma levels of monounsaturated FA (mean increase 1.35; 0.63-2.07 mg/dL), n-6 PUFA (1.02; 0.08-1.97 mg/dL), n-3 PUFA (0.24; 0.07-0.40 mg/dL), C20:4n-6 (0.37; 0.11-0.63 mg/dL), C18:3n-3 (0.04; 0.01-0.07 mg/dL), C22:6n-3 (0.30; 0.17-0.42 mg/dL) and the C22:6n-3/C20:4n-6 ratio (0.02; 0.01-0.03 mg/dL) ratio.

Conclusions: Nutritional interventions may improve plasma LCPUFA profile and metabolic outcomes of normolipidaemic obese children.