Soluble levels of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in coronary artery disease

Abstract

Aims: To analyze soluble levels ofcell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as Intercellular CAM (ICAM), vascular CAM (VCAM-1), platelet endothelial CAM (PECAM-1), Endothelial (E)-selectin, and Platelet (P)-selectin in coronary artery disease patients and correlate with degree of severity of the disease.

Methods: Study population included patients who suffered myocardial infarction at presentation (N=49) and those with unstable angina (N=79) and stable angina (N=14). Soluble levels of CAMs were measured by ELISA.

Results: At acute event in AMI patients, there was significant rise of soluble (s) E-selectin (4.5 fold, P = 0.001), sVCAM-1 (65.6%, p = 0.001), sPECAM-1 (46.2%, p = 0.02), sP-selectin (42.7%, p = 0.001) and sICAM-1 (20.1%, p = 0.003) as compared to controls. In unstable angina group as compared to AMI there was significant decrease in the levels observed in, sE-selectin (62.7%, p = 0.001), sPECAM-1 (47.5%, p = 0.001) as well as sVCAM-1 (17.9%, p = 0.04) and insignificant decrease with respect to sICAM-1 and no change with respect to sP-selectin levels. Stable angina group as compared to unstable angina group demonstrated no significant difference in sCAMs and the trend with AMI group was similar to that seen between unstable angina and AMI group. Significantly elevated levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM-1 and sPECAM-1 at acute event suggest them to be causal molecules as well as markers of plaque destabilization. Levels of sP-selectin in stable angina were similar to that observed in AMI and unstable angina groups suggesting elevated platelet activation in stable angina as well.