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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2011 Mar;106(3):641-50.
doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03243.x. Epub 2010 Dec 23.

An Ecological Momentary Assessment analysis of relations among coping, affect and smoking during a quit attempt

Haruka Minami  1 , Danielle E McCarthy, Douglas E Jorenby, Timothy B Baker
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

An Ecological Momentary Assessment analysis of relations among coping, affect and smoking during a quit attempt

Haruka Minami et al. Addiction. 2011 Mar.

Abstract

Aims: This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data from smokers trying to quit to assess relations among coping, positive affect, negative affect and smoking. The effects of stress coping on affect and smoking were examined.

Design: Data from a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation treatments were submitted to multi-level modeling to test the effects of coping with stressful events on subsequent affect and smoking.

Setting: Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, Wisconsin.

Participants: A total of 372 adult daily smokers who reported at least one stressful event and coping episode and provided post-quit data.

Measurements: Participants' smoking, coping and affect were assessed in near real time with multiple EMA reports using electronic diaries pre- and post-quit.

Findings: Multi-level models indicated that a single coping episode did not predict a change in smoking risk over the next 4 or 48 hours, but coping in men was associated with concurrent reports of increased smoking. Coping predicted improved positive and negative affect reported within 4 hours of coping, but these affective gains did not predict reduced likelihood of later smoking. Pre-quit coping frequency and gender moderated post-quit stress coping relations with later positive affect. Men and those with greater pre-quit coping frequency reported greater gains in positive affect following post-quit coping.

Conclusions: Coping responses early in a quit attempt may help smokers trying to quit feel better, but may not help them stay smoke-free.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

Douglas E. Jorenby has received research support from Nabi Biopharmaceutical and Pfizer, Inc. and consulting fees from Nabi Biopharmaceutical. Timothy B. Baker has served as a consultant, given lectures sponsored by, or has conducted research sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline, Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Synthelabo.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Participation flow diagram depicting the number of subjects excluded from analyses due to drop out prior to the quit day, the absence of any reports of stressful events, and the absence of any reports of stress coping. The number of people screened for enrollment was estimated assuming a 22.86% enrollment rate based on two cohorts for which data were available, as data were not available for all cohorts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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