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. 2010 Sep 19:2010:823710.
doi: 10.4061/2010/823710.

Peyer's Patches: The Immune Sensors of the Intestine

Camille Jung  1 , Jean-Pierre Hugot, Frédérick Barreau
Affiliations

Peyer's Patches: The Immune Sensors of the Intestine

Camille Jung et al. Int J Inflam. .

Abstract

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) consists of isolated or aggregated lymphoid follicles forming Peyer's patches (PPs). By their ability to transport luminal antigens and bacteria, PPs can be considered as the immune sensors of the intestine. PPs functions like induction of immune tolerance or defense against pathogens result from the complex interplay between immune cells located in the lymphoid follicles and the follicle-associated epithelium. This crosstalk seems to be regulated by pathogen recognition receptors, especially Nod2. Although TLR exerts a limited role in PP homeotasis, Nod2 regulates the number, size, and T-cell composition of PPs, in response to the gut flora. In turn, CD4(+) T-cells present in the PP are able to modulate the paracellular and transcellular permeabilities. Two human disorders, Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease are thought to be driven by an abnormal response toward the commensal flora. They have been associated with NOD2 mutations and PP dysfunction.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Peyer's patches in the distal ileum. PPs seen in a 20-years-old man during ileocolonoscopy. Note that PPs form a lymphoid ring in the distal ileum.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histological features of a Peyer's patch. Three follicles are individualized. Arrows show the germinal center (GC); subepithelial dome (SED) and follicle associated epithelium (FAE) for one of these follicles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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