A clinical field trial to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in controlling Salmonella infection and the association of Salmonella-shedding and weight gain in pigs
- PMID: 21197225
- PMCID: PMC2949338
A clinical field trial to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in controlling Salmonella infection and the association of Salmonella-shedding and weight gain in pigs
Abstract
A clinical field trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of an autogenous Salmonella Typhimurium bacterin compared with a commercial live S. Choleraesuis vaccine in pigs. The association between Salmonella shedding and weight gain was also investigated. Nine cohorts of weaned pigs, (330 to 350 pigs per cohort), were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (injection with S. Typhimurium bacterin, vaccination via water with S. Choleraesuis vaccine, or a control group receiving no vaccine). In each cohort, the average daily gain was calculated for a selected pen throughout the production stage. Pen (pooled) fecal samples were collected bi-weekly and cultured. The odds of Salmonella shedding in both vaccinated groups was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of Salmonella shedding declined overall as pigs aged (P = 0.04). However, the control pigs showed the smallest decrease in Salmonella shedding over the entire production stage, while prevalence of Salmonella shedding in the vaccinated groups decreased twice as much as the control group over the entire production stage. Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen DT104, S. Cerro, and S. Agona, which had been isolated on the study farm previously, were recovered from pigs in this study. Shedding of S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen decreased over time in both vaccine treatment groups. On the other hand, S. Cerro shedding rate was lower in the control pigs compared with vaccinated pigs and S. Agona could be recovered only from the samples collected from S. Choleraesuis vaccinated pigs. The pigs from pens with a higher Salmonella recovery rate experienced slower growth compared with pigs from pens where Salmonella was not isolated. This latter finding indicates that there might be an economic incentive for producers to try to control endemic salmonellosis if effective programs could be developed.
Un essai clinique a été réalisé afin de comparer l’efficacité d’une bactérine autogène de Salmonella Typhimurium à un vaccin vivant commercial de S. Choleraesuis. L’association entre l’excrétion de Salmonella et le gain de poids a également été étudiée. Neuf cohortes de porcs sevrés (330 à 350 porcs par cohorte) ont été réparties de manière aléatoire à un des 3 groupes de traitement (injection avec la bactérine de S. Typhimurium, vaccination via l’eau avec un vaccin S. Choleraesuis, ou un groupe témoin ne recevant aucun vaccin). Dans chaque cohorte, le gain moyen quotidien a été calculé pour un enclos sélectionné durant toute la période de production. Des échantillons de fèces pris dans les parcs ont été récoltés bi-hebdomadairement et mis en culture. Les probabilités d’excrétion de Salmonella dans les deux groupes vaccinés étaient plus élevées que dans le groupe témoin (P < 0,05). La prévalence d’excrétion de Salmonella a diminué à mesure que les porcs vieillissaient (P = 0,04). Toutefois, les porcs témoins ont présenté la plus petite réduction dans l’excrétion de Salmonella durant toute la période de production, alors que la prévalence d’excrétion de Salmonella dans les groupes vaccinés durant toute la période de production a diminué deux fois plus que le groupe témoin. Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen DT104, S. Cerro et S. Agona, qui avaient été isolés préalablement sur la ferme à l’étude, ont été isolés à partir de porcs dans cette étude. L’excrétion de S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen a diminué dans le temps chez les deux groupes d’animaux vaccinés. Par contre, le taux d’excrétion de S. Cerro était plus faible chez les porcs du groupe témoin comparativement aux porcs vaccinés et S. Agona n’a été retrouvé qu’à partir des échantillons prélevés des animaux vaccinés avec S. Choleraesuis. Les porcs provenant des enclos avec un taux plus élevé d’isolement de Salmonella présentaient une croissance ralentie comparativement aux porcs provenant des enclos où on ne retrouva pas de Salmonella. Cette dernière trouvaille indique qu’il y aurait un incitatif financier pour les producteurs à tenter de limiter la salmonellose endémique si des programmes efficaces pouvaient être développés.
(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier)
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