Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps in skin diseases

Abstract

Background: In the skin, eosinophils are found in a broad spectrum of diseases, including infectious diseases.

Objective: In this study, we investigated whether eosinophil extracellular traps, structures containing DNA in association with eosinophil granule proteins able to bind and kill bacteria, are present in the skin under various pathologic conditions.

Methods: Immunofluorescence staining was performed on sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded skin biopsy tissues of 25 different eosinophilic skin diseases by using propidium iodide and an antibody to eosinophil cationic protein. Slides were evaluated by laser scanning microscopy.

Results: Eosinophils releasing DNA together with eosinophil cationic protein were detected in infectious skin diseases such as ectoparasitosis and larva migrans. Further, we observed the extracellular DNA structures in allergic/reactive diseases (Wells syndrome, hypereosinophilic syndrome, positive reaction of atopy patch test, allergic contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity) and in autoimmune diseases (bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus foliaceus, dermatitis herpetiformis). The average number of eosinophils releasing DNA in the skin was usually below 10%, although in Wells syndrome the proportion was up to 30%. In areas with clusters of eosinophils, up to 50% of the eosinophils were seen to generate eosinophil extracellular traps.

Conclusion: Eosinophil extracellular traps are seen in both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases and are particularly common in Wells syndrome.