Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Jul;43(2):184-9.
doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.73443.

Incidence of cleft Lip and palate in the state of Andhra Pradesh, South India

Srinivas Gosla Reddy  1 , Rajgopal R Reddy, Ewald M Bronkhorst, Rajendra Prasad, Anke M Ettema, Hermann F Sailer, Stefaan J Bergé
Affiliations

Incidence of cleft Lip and palate in the state of Andhra Pradesh, South India

Srinivas Gosla Reddy et al. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the incidence of cleft lip and palate defects in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Design setting: The study was conducted in 2001 in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The state has a population of 76 million. Three districts, Cuddapah, Medak and Krishna, were identified for this study owing to their diversity. They were urban, semi-urban and rural, respectively. Literacy rates and consanguinity of the parents was elicited and was compared to national averages to find correlations to cleft births. Type and side of cleft were recorded to compare with other studies around the world and other parts of India.

Results: The birth rate of clefts was found to be 1.09 for every 1000 live births. This study found that 65% of the children born with clefts were males. The distribution of the type of cleft showed 33% had CL, 64% had CLP, 2% had CP and 1% had rare craniofacial clefts. Unilateral cleft lips were found in 79% of the patients. Of the unilateral cleft lips 64% were left sided. There was a significant correlation of children with clefts being born to parents who shared a consanguineous relationship and those who were illiterate with the odds ratio between 5.25 and 7.21 for consanguinity and between 1.55 and 5.85 for illiteracy, respectively.

Conclusion: The birth rate of clefts was found to be comparable with other Asian studies, but lower than found in other studies in Caucasian populations and higher than in African populations. The incidence was found to be similar to other studies done in other parts of India. The distribution over the various types of cleft was comparable to that found in other studies.

Keywords: Cleft lip & paplate incidence; cleft lip; cleft palate.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

References

    1. Cooper ME, Stone RA, Liu YE, Hu DN, Melnick M, Marazita ML. Descriptive epidemiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1989. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000;37:274–80. - PubMed
    1. Murray JC. Gene environment causes of cleft lip and/or palate. Clin Genet. 2002;61:248–56. - PubMed
    1. Global Strategies to Reduce the Health Care Burden of Craniofacial Anomalies. Report of WHO meetings on International Collaborative Research on Craniofacial Anomalies. Geneva, Switzerland, 2000 - PubMed
    1. Mossey P, Little J. Addressing the challenges of cleft lip and palate research in India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2009;42:9–18. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Census of India. New Delhi: Census India; 2001. Available from: http://www.censusindia.net [last cited on 2007 Feb 27]