Irrelevant relations and the active search for pattern structure in rat serial pattern learning

Abstract

Hersh (Mem Cogn 2:771-774, 1974) investigated the role of irrelevant relations in college students' pattern learning and performance for letter series completion problems. He created irrelevant relations in sequences by inserting items to make pattern structure ambiguous such that it was open to multiple interpretations during initial pattern processing. He reported irrelevant relations impaired humans' performance more when placed at the beginning of patterns than at the end. However, once pattern structure was induced, irrelevant relations were not impairing. Here, we examined the impact on rat serial pattern learning of irrelevant relations positioned at the beginning or end of a serial pattern. Rats pressed levers in a circular array according to the same structured serial pattern, 123 234 345 456 567, where digits indicated the clockwise position of the correct lever. This structured serial pattern was interleaved with repeating responses on lever 2 to produce irrelevant relations at the beginning of the pattern (Beginning: 122232 223242 324252 425262 526272), on lever 6 to produce irrelevant relations at the end of the pattern (End: 162636 263646 364656 465666 566676), or on lever 8 to produce no irrelevant relations (No Irrelevant Relations: 182838 283848 384858 485868 586878. Irrelevant relations significantly retarded learning regardless of their placement within the pattern. However, irrelevant relations retarded learning significantly more when placed at the pattern beginning versus end. The results indicate that rats, like humans, process patterns from beginning to end.

Fig. 1

Acquisition curves depicting block-by-block group mean correct response rates for Group NoIR (No Irrelevant Relations), Group B (Beginning Irrelevant Relations), and Group End (End Irrelevant Relations) for the hierarchically-structured (top panel) and repeating (bottom panel) subpatterns of Experiment 1. Error bars: ±SEM

Fig. 2

Rats’ element-by-element group mean correct response rates for Group NoIR (No Irrelevant Relations), Group B (Beginning Irrelevant Relations), and Group End (End Irrelevant Relations) for the hierarchically-structured (top panel) and repeating (bottom panel) subpatterns of Experiment 1 pooled over the 32 blocks of acquisition. X’s represent the repeating element of the repeating subpattern (namely, Group NoIR: the repeating “8” element; Group B: the repeating “2” element; Group End: the repeating “6” element). Error bars: ±SEM