Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
- PMID: 21250045
- Bookshelf ID: NBK201
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
Excerpt
The goal of this book is to "be your guide" and say "see here and see there" as the reader becomes skilled in the techniques and analysis of clinical data. This third edition of Clinical Methods has undergone substantial revision based upon feedback from students and other users of the first two editions. These changes enhance the usefulness of the book and help us to achieve our goal of providing clinicians and students with the best current knowledge of the techniques of collecting and using clinical data.
Copyright © 1990, Butterworth Publishers, a division of Reed Publishing.
Sections
- Contributors
- Preface
-
Part I. Introduction
- The Case of Richard Cabot
- Chapter 1. The Origins of the History and Physical Examination
- Chapter 2. Collecting and Analyzing Data: Doing and Thinking
- Chapter 3. The Medical Interview
- Chapter 4. The Physical Examination
- Chapter 5. Use of the Laboratory
- Chapter 6. Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value
-
Part II. The Cardiovascular System
- Herrick and Heart Disease
- Chapter 7. An Overview of the Cardiovascular System
- Chapter 8. Exercise Capacity
- Chapter 9. Chest Pain or Discomfort
- Chapter 10. Palpitations
- Chapter 11. Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
- Chapter 12. Syncope
- Chapter 13. Claudication
- Chapter 14. History of Cardiovascular Disease
- Chapter 15. Family History of Heart Disease
- Chapter 16. Blood Pressure
- Chapter 17. Pulse
- Chapter 18. Bruits and Hums of the Head and Neck
- Chapter 19. The Jugular Venous Pressure and Pulse Contour
- Chapter 20. The Carotid Pulse
- Chapter 21. Precordial Impulses
- Chapter 22. The First Heart Sound
- Chapter 23. The Second Heart Sound
- Chapter 24. The Third Heart Sound
- Chapter 25. The Fourth Heart Sound
- Chapter 26. Systolic Murmurs
- Chapter 27. Diastolic Murmurs
- Chapter 28. Ejection Clicks
- Chapter 29. Edema
- Chapter 30. Examination of the Extremities: Pulses, Bruits, and Phlebitis
- Chapter 31. Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Associated Lipoproteins
- Chapter 32. Creatine Kinase
- Chapter 33. Electrocardiography
- Chapter 34. Chest Roentgenography for Cardiovascular Evaluation
-
Part III. The Pulmonary System
- Trudeau at Lake Saranac
- Chapter 35. An Overview of the Pulmonary System
- Chapter 36. Dyspnea
- Chapter 37. Wheezing and Asthma
- Chapter 38. Cough and Sputum Production
- Chapter 39. Hemoptysis
- Chapter 40. Tobacco Use
- Chapter 41. Environmental Inhalation
- Chapter 42. Past Pulmonary Disease
- Chapter 43. Respiratory Rate and Pattern
- Chapter 44. Clubbing
- Chapter 45. Cyanosis
- Chapter 46. Chest Examination
- Chapter 47. Skin Testing for Tuberculosis
- Chapter 48. Chest Roentgenography for Pulmonary Evaluation
- Chapter 49. Arterial Blood Gases
-
Part IV. The Neurologic System
- Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia
- Chapter 50. An Overview of the Nervous System
- Chapter 51. Episodic Neurologic Symptoms
- Chapter 52. Pain and Sensory Perversions
- Chapter 53. Muscle Cramps
- Chapter 54. Headache
- Chapter 55. Cerebrovascular Disease
- Chapter 56. Epilepsy
- Chapter 57. Level of Consciousness
- Chapter 58. The Pupils
- Chapter 59. Cranial Nerve I: The Olfactory Nerve
- Chapter 60. Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI: The Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves
- Chapter 61. Cranial Nerve V: The Trigeminal Nerve
- Chapter 62. Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve and Taste
- Chapter 63. Cranial Nerves IX and X: The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves
- Chapter 64. Cranial Nerve XI: The Spinal Accessory Nerve
- Chapter 65. Cranial Nerve XII: The Hypoglossal Nerve
- Chapter 66. Speech and Other Lateralizing Cortical Functions
- Chapter 67. Sensation
- Chapter 68. The Motor System and Gait
- Chapter 69. The Cerebellum
- Chapter 70. Involuntary Movements
- Chapter 71. The Suck, Snout, Palmomental, and Grasp Reflexes
- Chapter 72. Deep Tendon Reflexes
- Chapter 73. The Plantar Reflex
- Chapter 74. Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Part V. The Autonomic Nervous System
-
Part VI. The Gastrointestinal System
- William Beaumont, the Man and the Opportunity
- Chapter 80. An Overview of the Gastrointestinal System
- Chapter 81. The Nutritional History
- Chapter 82. Dysphagia
- Chapter 83. Indigestion and Heartburn
- Chapter 84. Nausea and Vomiting
- Chapter 85. Hematemesis, Melena, and Hematochezia
- Chapter 86. Abdominal Pain
- Chapter 87. Jaundice
- Chapter 88. Diarrhea
- Chapter 89. Constipation
- Chapter 90. Abdominal Gas
- Chapter 91. The Alcohol Drinking History
- Chapter 92. History of Past Gastrointestinal Diseases
- Chapter 93. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion of the Abdomen
- Chapter 94. Evaluation of the Size, Shape, and Consistency of the Liver
- Chapter 95. Auscultation of the Liver
- Chapter 96. Inguinal Canal and Hernia Examination
- Chapter 97. The Rectal Examination
- Chapter 98. Tests for Fecal Occult Blood
- Chapter 99. Aminotransferases
- Chapter 100. Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyltransferase
- Chapter 101. Serum Albumin and Globulin
- Chapter 102. Abdominal Roentgenography
- Part VII. The Skin and Appendages
- Part VIII. The Eye
-
Part IX. The Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat
- IX. The Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat
- Chapter 119. An Overview of the Head and Neck
- Chapter 120. Auditory Dysfunction: Hearing Loss
- Chapter 121. Auditory Dysfunction: Tinnitus
- Chapter 122. Otalgia and Otorrhea
- Chapter 123. Vertigo and Associated Symptoms
- Chapter 124. Epistaxis
- Chapter 125. Hoarseness
- Chapter 126. The Ear and Auditory System
- Chapter 127. Vertigo and Disequilibrium
- Chapter 128. The Nose
- Chapter 129. The Oral Cavity and Associated Structures
- Chapter 130. The Tongue
- Chapter 131. The Salivary Glands
- Chapter 132. The Tonsils and Pharynx
- Chapter 133. Audiometry
-
Part X. The Endocrine System
- The Endocrine System
- Chapter 134. An Overview of the Endocrine System
- Chapter 135. Thyroid Disease
- Chapter 136. Diabetes Mellitus
- Chapter 137. Body Size and Habitus
- Chapter 138. Neck and Thyroid Examination
- Chapter 139. Glucosuria
- Chapter 140. Ketonuria
- Chapter 141. Blood Glucose
- Chapter 142. Thyroid Function Tests
- Chapter 143. Serum Calcium
- Chapter 144. Abbreviated Tests of Endocrine Function
-
Part XI. The Hematopoietic System
- The Hematopoietic System
- Chapter 145. An Overview of the Hematopoietic System
- Chapter 146. Excessive Bleeding and Bruising
- Chapter 147. Anemia
- Chapter 148. Pica
- Chapter 149. Lymphadenopathy
- Chapter 150. Spleen
- Chapter 151. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
- Chapter 152. Red Cell Indices
- Chapter 153. The White Blood Cell and Differential Count
- Chapter 154. Platelets
- Chapter 155. Peripheral Blood Smear
- Chapter 156. Reticulocytes
- Chapter 157. Coagulation Tests
-
Part XII. The Musculoskeletal System
- The Musculoskeletal System
- Chapter 158. An Overview of the Musculoskeletal System
- Chapter 159. Rheumatic Pain
- Chapter 160. Arthralgia
- Chapter 161. Regional (Nonarticular) Rheumatism
- Chapter 162. Temporomandibular Joint Pain
- Chapter 163. The Temporomandibular Joint Examination
- Chapter 164. The Musculoskeletal Examination
- Chapter 165. Uric Acid
- Chapter 166. Joint Fluid
- Chapter 167. Immunologic Tests
-
Part XIII. Female Genitalia and Breasts
- Female Genitalia and Breasts
- Chapter 168. An Overview of the Female Genitalia and Breasts
- Chapter 169. Breast Pain
- Chapter 170. Breast Lump
- Chapter 171. Pelvic Pain
- Chapter 172. Vaginal Discharge
- Chapter 173. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
- Chapter 174. Birth Control
- Chapter 175. Nipple Discharge
- Chapter 176. Breast Examination
- Chapter 177. Pelvic Examination
- Chapter 178. Pap Test
- Chapter 179. Tests on Vaginal Discharge
-
Part XIV. The Genitourinary System
- The Genitourinary System
- Chapter 180. An Overview of the Genitourinary System
- Chapter 181. Dysuria, Frequency, and Urgency
- Chapter 182. Flank Pain
- Chapter 183. Nocturia
- Chapter 184. Hematuria
- Chapter 185. Incontinence and Stream Abnormalities
- Chapter 186. Testicular Pain
- Chapter 187. Organic Impotence
- Chapter 188. History of Genitourinary Disease
- Chapter 189. External Male Genitalia
- Chapter 190. Prostate Examination
- Chapter 191. Urinalysis
- Chapter 192. Proteinuria
- Chapter 193. BUN and Creatinine
- Chapter 194. Serum Sodium
- Chapter 195. Serum Potassium
- Chapter 196. Serum Total Carbon Dioxide
- Chapter 197. Serum Chloride
- Chapter 198. Serum Inorganic Phosphorus
-
Part XV. The Psychiatric System
- The Psychiatric System
- Chapter 199. An Overview of the Psychiatric System
- Chapter 200. Previous Psychiatric Problems
- Chapter 201. Interpersonal Relationships
- Chapter 202. Anxiety
- Chapter 203. Depression
- Chapter 204. Loss of Control
- Chapter 205. Psychological Disturbances of Vegetative Function
- Chapter 206. Substance Abuse
- Chapter 207. The Mental Status Examination
- Chapter 208. Frequently Performed Psychological Tests
-
Part XVI. The General Examination
- The General Examination
- Chapter 209. An Overview of the General Examination
- Chapter 210. Weight Change
- Chapter 211. Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats
- Chapter 212. Dizziness
- Chapter 213. Weakness and Fatigue
- Chapter 214. Allergic Drug Reactions
- Chapter 215. The Family History
- Chapter 216. The Sexual History
- Chapter 217. General Appearance
- Chapter 218. Temperature
- Chapter 219. Special Screening Tests
- Chapter 220. Laboratory Evaluation of Infectious Disease Emergencies
-
Part XVII. Special Patient Groups
- Special Patient Groups
- Chapter 221. An Overview of Special Patient Groups
- Chapter 222. Growth and Development
- Chapter 223. The Adolescent Patient
- Chapter 224. The Well Adult
- Chapter 225. The Elderly Patient
- Chapter 226. The Contagious Patient
- Chapter 227. The Traveling Patient
- Chapter 228. The "Difficult" Medical Patient
- Chapter 229. Dealing with Patients from Other Cultures
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