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. 2010 Jan;3(1):1-9.
doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00159.x.

Probiotics genomics

Roland J Siezen  1 , Greer Wilson
Affiliations

Probiotics genomics

Roland J Siezen et al. Microb Biotechnol. 2010 Jan.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Evolutionary relationships between the main gastrointestinal tract commensal lactobacilli, based on a neighbour‐joining tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values above 600 are indicated. Bacterial taxa for which whole genome sequences are available are shaded in green. The outgroup is shaded in grey. Lactobacilli for which genome sequencing is ongoing/incomplete are shaded in red. Reproduced and adapted from Ventura and colleagues (2009), with permission from Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2009.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Identification of pili in L. rhamnosus GG by immunogold high‐resolution electron micrography. Multiple pili are shown with gold‐labelled SpaC proteins. Reproduced with permission from Kankainen and colleagues (2009).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bacterial and host effector molecules with potential probiotic effects. Lactobacillus strains are able to induce IL‐10‐producing, regulatory T cells (T reg) through DC‐SIGN interaction (1). They can also induce hyporesponsive CD4+ T‐cell populations after DC interaction (2). Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) composition is responsible for the differential modulation of cytokine production (3). Modulation of inflammatory responses by inactivation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway is achieved through proteasome inhibition after IEC recognition of soluble probiotic components (4) or after recognition of bacterial motifs (e.g. CpG DNA by TLR9 receptors) (6). The induction of Hsps (either via 4 or 5) stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton would strengthen the mucosal barrier. Pathogen attachment and growth could be counteracted by strains possessing mannose adhesins (7) or by induction of hBD2 in IECs (8). M cell is an epithelial cell specialized in antigen uptake and transport. Reproduced and adapted with permission from Marco and colleagues (2006), Elsevier Ltd.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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