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Review
. 2011 Feb;19(2):63-71.
doi: 10.5435/00124635-201102000-00001.

Posterior fixation of the upper cervical spine: contemporary techniques

Richard J Bransford  1 , Michael J Lee, Abilio Reis
Affiliations
Review

Posterior fixation of the upper cervical spine: contemporary techniques

Richard J Bransford et al. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Feb.

Abstract

Instrumentation in the upper cervical spine has changed considerably in the past two decades. Previous stand-alone wiring techniques have been made largely obsolete with the development of occipital segmental plating, transarticular screws, and C1 lateral mass screws, as well as a myriad of C2 fixation options, including pedicle, pars, and translaminar screws. Polyaxial screws and segmental fixation are more user-friendly than stand-alone wiring and provide a stronger construct. Awareness of the risks and benefits associated with the use of modern instrumentation and thorough familiarity with the anatomy of the upper cervical spine are essential to avoid complications and optimize outcomes.

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