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Clinical Trial
. 2011 Apr;55(4):1606-10.
doi: 10.1128/AAC.01330-10. Epub 2011 Feb 7.

Penetration of meropenem into epithelial lining fluid of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

T P Lodise  1 , F Sorgel, D Melnick, B Mason, M Kinzig, G L Drusano
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Penetration of meropenem into epithelial lining fluid of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

T P Lodise et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

Antibiotic penetration to the infection site is critical for obtaining a good clinical outcome in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Surprisingly few studies have quantified the penetration of β-lactam agents into the lung, as measured by the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) to AUC in plasma (AUC(ELF)/AUC(plasma) ratio). These have typically involved noninfected patients. This study examines the penetration and pharmacodynamics of meropenem in the ELF among patients with VAP. Meropenem plasma and ELF concentration-time data were obtained from patients in a multicenter clinical trial. Concentration-time profiles in plasma and ELF were simultaneously modeled using a three-compartment model with zero-order infusion and first-order elimination and transfer (big nonparametric adaptive grid [BigNPAG]). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to estimate the range of ELF/plasma penetration ratios one would expect to observe in patients with VAP, as measured by the AUC(ELF)/AUC(plasma) ratio. The range of AUC(ELF)/AUC(plasma) penetration ratios predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation was large. The 10th percentile of lung penetration was 3.7%, while the 90th percentile of penetration was 178%. The variability of ELF penetration is such that if relatively high ELF exposure targets are required to attain multilog kill or resistance suppression for bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then even receiving the largest licensed dose of meropenem with an optimal prolonged infusion may not result in target attainment for a substantial fraction of the population.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
(A) Fit of the model to the data after the Bayesian step for the plasma concentration-time data for meropenem in intubated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. (B) Fit of the model to the data after the Bayesian step for the ELF concentration-time data for meropenem in intubated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. L, liter.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Concentration-time profiles of meropenem in plasma (black) and ELF (gray) as calculated from the mean parameter vector. L, liter.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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