Hemorrhagic complications in a phase II study of sunitinib in patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who has previously received high-dose radiation

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-agent sunitinib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: Eligible patients had progressive disease after prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Sunitinib was given as continuous once-daily dosing of 37.5 mg in 4-week cycles until progression.

Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled. Recruitment was stopped after two patients died of hemorrhagic events. All patients had previously received curative radiotherapy (RT) to nasopharynx/neck (including nine patients who had chemoradiotherapy). Patients received a median of three cycles of sunitinib. One patient was still on sunitinib with stable disease after 24 cycles. Hemorrhagic events occurred in nine patients (64%), including epistaxis in six, hemoptyses in three and hematemesis in two patients. Prior RT to thorax was significantly associated with hemoptyses (P = 0.03). Two patients with local tumor invasion into the carotid sheath developed fatal epistaxis/hematemesis within the first cycle of sunitinib, likely due to internal carotid blowout after tumor shrinkage.

Conclusions: Sunitinib demonstrated modest clinical activity in heavily pretreated NPC patients. However, the high incidence of hemorrhage from the upper aerodigestive tract in NPC patients who received prior high-dose RT to the region is of concern. Direct vascular invasion by tumors appeared to increase the risk of serious bleeding.