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Clinical Trial
. 2011 Mar-Apr;37(2):239-53.
doi: 10.1177/0145721710394874. Epub 2011 Feb 22.

En Balance participants decrease dietary fat and cholesterol intake as part of a culturally sensitive Hispanic diabetes education program

Lorena M Salto  1   2 , Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre  1   3 , Lawrence Beeson  2 , Eloy Schulz  4 , Anthony Firek  5 , Marino De Leon  4
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

En Balance participants decrease dietary fat and cholesterol intake as part of a culturally sensitive Hispanic diabetes education program

Lorena M Salto et al. Diabetes Educ. 2011 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake habits of Mexican American Hispanic adults participating in the En Balance diabetes education program.

Methods: En Balance is a 3-month culturally sensitive diabetes education intervention for Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Of the 46 participants enrolled, 39 mainly Mexican American Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes completed the En Balance program. Participants lived in the Riverside and San Bernardino counties of California, and all participants completed the program by June 2008. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and at 3 months using the validated Southwest Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Results: Clinically important decreases in glycemic control and serum lipid levels were observed at the end of the 3-month program. The baseline diet was characterized by a high intake of energy (2478 ± 1140 kcal), total fat (87 ± 44 g/day), saturated fat (28 ± 15 g/day), dietary cholesterol (338 ± 217 mg/day), and sodium (4236 ± 2055 mg/day). At 3 months, the En Balance group mean intake of dietary fat (P = .045) and dietary cholesterol (P = .033) decreased significantly. Low dietary intakes of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and vitamin E were also observed in these adults with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions: The En Balance program improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in a group of Hispanic diabetic participants. En Balance also promoted decreases in dietary fat and dietary cholesterol intake.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
En Balance participants’ dietary intake of total fat and saturated fat (in grams per day) compared with recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. aCalculations based on a 2000-kcal diet and on the upper limit of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: total fat, 20% to 30% of calories; saturated fat, < 10% of calories.
Figure 2
Figure 2
En Balance participants’ dietary intake of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (in grams per day) compared with the adequate intake guidelines. aBased on the lower limit of the adequate intake recommendation for the En Balance age group (25–75 years).
Figure 3
Figure 3
En Balance participants’ dietary intake of DHA and EPA (grams per day) compared with adequate intake guidelines for adults. DHA, 22:6 docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, 20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid. aAdequate intakes recommendations for adults from the Workshop on the Essentiality of and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.
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References

    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimates of Diagnosed Diabetes Now Available for all US Counties. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008.
    1. University of California San Francisco, Institute for Health and Aging. California Diabetes Program: Diabetes in California Counties. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Public Health; 2009.
    1. Pew Hispanic Center. Latinos in California, Texas, New York, Florida and New Jersey [fact sheet] [Accessed December 8, 2010]. http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/10.pdf. Published March 19, 2004.
    1. US Census Bureau. Facts for features: Hispanic Heritage Month 2007: Sept 15–Oct 15 2007. [Accessed December 8, 2010]. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/pdf/cb07-ff14.pdf. Published July 16, 2007.
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Minority Health, Office of the Director. Health Disparities Experienced by Hispanics: United States. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2004.

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