Case series: 2q33.1 microdeletion syndrome--further delineation of the phenotype

Abstract

Recurrent deletions of 2q32q33 have recently been reported as a new microdeletion syndrome, clinical features of which include significant learning difficulties, growth retardation, dysmorphic features, thin and sparse hair, feeding difficulties, and cleft or high palate. Haploinsufficiency of one gene within the deleted region, SATB2, has been suggested to be responsible for most of the features of the syndrome. This article describes seven previously unreported patients with deletions at 2q33.1, all partially overlapping the previously described critical region for the 2q33.1 microdeletion syndrome. The deletions ranged in size from 35 kb to 10.4 Mb, with the smallest deletion entirely within the SATB2 gene. Patients demonstrated significant developmental delay and challenging behaviour, a particular behavioural phenotype that seems to be emerging with more reported patients with this condition. One patient in this cohort has a deletion entirely within SATB2 and has a cleft palate, whereas several patients with larger deletions have a high arched palate. In addition, one other patient has significant orthopaedic problems with ligamentous laxity. Interestingly, this patient has a deletion that lies just distal to SATB2. The orthopaedic problems have not been reported previously and are possibly an additional feature of this syndrome. Overall, this report provides further evidence that the SATB2 gene is the critical gene in this microdeletion syndrome. In addition, because the individuals in this study range in age from 3-19 years, these patients will help define the natural progression of the phenotype in patients with this microdeletion.