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. 2011 Feb 24:11:50.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-50.

Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of human bocavirus 2

Weixia Cheng  1 , Jinan Chen, Ziqian Xu, Jiemei Yu, Canping Huang, Miao Jin, Huiying Li, Ming Zhang, Yu Jin, Zhao-Jun Duan
Affiliations

Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of human bocavirus 2

Weixia Cheng et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Human bocavirus 2(HBoV2) and other human bocavirus species (HBoV, HBoV3, and HBoV4) have been discovered recently. But the precise phylogenetic relationships among these viruses are not clear yet.

Methods: We collected 632 diarrhea and 162 healthy children in Lanzhou, China. Using PCR, Human bocavirus (HBoV), HBoV2, HBoV3 and HBoV4 were screened. The partial genes of NS, NP1 and VP, and two nearly complete sequences of HBoV2 were obtained.

Result: Phylogenetic analysis showed the different genes of HBoV2 strain were homogenous with different reference strains. HBoV3 may be a recombinant derived from HBoV and HBoV4. We also observed that the VP1 and VP2 region of HBoV3 is as similar to HBoV2 as to HBoV4.

Conclusions: A single genetic lineage of HBoV2 is circulating in children with and without gastroenteritis in Lanzhou, China. Current evidence in this study was not enough to support recombination between HBoV2 strains, and HBoV3 may be a recombinant between HBoV and the common ancestor of HBoV2 and HBoV4.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of human bocavirus1-4 and other bocavirus members partial NS1 gene sequences. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method, Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates, by using MEGA 4.1 package. Black dots designate reference strains, black triangles designate sequences from control group and the others were sequences generated from the gastroenteritis children in the present study. MVC: Minute virus of canines; BPV: Bovine parvovirus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic analysis of the partial NP1 gene sequences of human bocavirus1-4 and other bocavirus members. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method, Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates, by using MEGA 4.1 package. Black dots designate reference strains, the others were sequences generated from the present study. MVC: Minute virus of canines; BPV: Bovine parvovirus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP1 gene sequences of human bocavirus1-4 and other bocavirus members. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method, Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates, by using MEGA 4.1 package. Black dots designate reference strains, the others were sequences generated from the present study. MVC: Minute virus of canines; BPV: Bovine parvovirus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HBoV3 is a potential hybrid of HBoV and HBoV4 by recombination analysis. (A) recombination analysis was conducted by Similarity plot, (B) recombination of HBoV3 was conducted by bootscanning analysis, (C) recombination of HBoV3 was conducted by GARD analysis.
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