Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe and low-dose simvastatin as primary treatment for dyslipidemia in peritoneal dialysis patients

Abstract

We previously reported that the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was higher in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) than in patients on hemodialysis (HD). One of the problems associated with reaching the LDL-C target during statin treatment of patients on CAPD is the emergence of laboratory or clinical side effects. The present study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of daily combined treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg and simvastatin 10 mg in patients receiving CAPD. Our study enrolled 12 CAPD patients who were experiencing adverse effects from statin therapy. Their existing statin therapy was suspended for 1 month ("washout period"), and the patients were then shifted to treatment with the ezetimibe-simvastatin combination. The patients were again monitored for adverse events such as asthenia and myalgia during the subsequent 12 months. Body mass index and levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, alanine amino-transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine phosphokinase were also assessed. The combination of ezetimibe and low-dose simvastatin significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (by a mean of 27%), triglycerides (by 9%), and LDL-C (by 33%) and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 15%). In 11 patients (92%), the target LDL-C level of less than 100 mg/dL was reached. No significant change in weekly creatinine clearance occurred, and no serious adverse effects were observed. No patient developed muscle pain or weakness, and no increase in creatinine kinase was found. Residual renal function declined, although not significantly when compared with initial values. In conclusion, the present study suggests that combined ezetimibe and low-dose statin treatment is a promising approach for safe and effective primary treatment of dyslipidemia in CAPD patients.