Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2011 Mar;34(3):752-62.
doi: 10.2337/dc10-1414.

Prevalence of depression in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium

Arie Nouwen  1 , Giesje Nefs, Isabela Caramlau, Martin Connock, Kirsty Winkley, Cathy E Lloyd, Mark Peyrot, François Pouwer; European Depression in Diabetes Research Consortium
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of depression in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium

Arie Nouwen et al. Diabetes Care. 2011 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: Meta-analyses have shown that the risk for depression is elevated in type 2 diabetes. Whether this risk in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) or undiagnosed diabetes (UDD) is elevated relative to normal glucose metabolism (NGM) or decreased relative to previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes (PDD) has not been the subject of a systematic review/meta-analysis. This study examined the prevalence of depression in IGM and UDD subjects relative to each other and to NGM and PDD subjects by reviewing the literature and conducting a meta-analysis of studies on this topic.

Research design and methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for articles published up to May 2010. All studies that compared the prevalence of depression in subjects with IGM and UDD were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed and random-effects models.

Results: The meta-analysis showed that the risk for depression was not increased in IGM versus NGM subjects (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.08). Risk for depression did not differ between individuals with UDD and individuals with either NGM (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.71-1.25) or IGM (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.88-1.54). Finally, individuals with IGM or UDD both had a significantly lower risk of depression than individuals with PDD (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.73, and OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45-0.74, respectively).

Conclusions: Results of this meta-analysis show that the risk of depression is similar for NGM, IGM, and UDD subjects. PDD subjects have an increased risk of depression relative to IGM and UDD subjects.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Forest plots showing the OR and 95% CI of depression in IGM compared with NGM and PDD. I-V, fixed-effects estimate (inverse variance method); D+L, random-effects estimate (Der Simonian and Laird method). (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plots showing the OR and 95% CI of depression in UDD compared with NGM, IGM, and PDD. I-V, fixed-effects estimate (inverse variance method); D+L, random-effects estimate (Der Simonian and Laird method). (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ali S, Stone MA, Peters JL, Davies MJ, Khunti K. The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2006;23:1165–1173 - PubMed
    1. Nouwen A, Winkley K, Twisk J, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2010;53:2480–2486 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schram MT, Baan CA, Pouwer F. Depression and quality of life in patients with diabetes: a systematic review from the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) research consortium. Curr Diabetes Rev 2009;5:112–119 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Katon WJ, Rutter C, Simon G, et al. The association of comorbid depression with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2668–2672 - PubMed
    1. Bruce DG, Davis WA, Starkstein SE, Davis TM. A prospective study of depression and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 2005;48:2532–2539 - PubMed