Estimation of transmission parameters of a fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strain between pigs in experimental conditions

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is of primary importance regarding public and animal health issues. Persistence and spread of resistant strains within a population contribute to the maintenance of a reservoir and lead to treatment failure. An experimental trial was carried out to study the horizontal transmission of a fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strain from inoculated to naïve pigs. All naïve contact pigs had positive counts of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after only two days of contact. Moreover, re-infections of inoculated pigs caused by newly contaminated animals were suspected. A maximum likelihood method, based on a susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) model, was used to determine the transmission parameters. Two transmission levels were identified depending on the quantity of bacteria shed by infected individuals: (i) low-shedders with bacterial counts of resistant E. coli in the faeces between 5*10(3) and 10(6) CFU/g (βL = 0.41 [0.27; 0.62]), (ii) high shedders with bacterial counts above 10(6) CFU/g (βH = 0.98 [0.59; 1.62]). Hence, transmission between animals could be pivotal in explaining the persistence of resistant bacteria within pig herds.

Figure 1

Experimental design for quantification of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli transmission from inoculated (circles) to naïve specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs (triangles).

Figure 2

Mean number and standard deviation (error bars) of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli in faeces of inoculated (n = 23), inoculated control (n = 7) and contact pigs (n = 28).