Obesity and body fat distribution: ethnic differences and the role of socio-economic status

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates differences in overweight and body fat distribution between Turkish and Moroccan migrants and the ethnic Dutch population, and the contribution of socio-economic status to their higher obesity prevalence.

Methods: Data were collected as part of a general health survey, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2004). From 1,285 adults information on physical and psychological health, lifestyle and demographic background was obtained through health interviews. In a physical examination body height and weight as well as waist and hip circumference were measured.

Results: Overweight was more common among Turkish migrants and Moroccan migrant women as compared to their Dutch counterparts. Obesity prevalence rates were more than twice as high among Turkish (39.6%) and Moroccan (39.1%) women than among Dutch women (16.5%). Controlling for level of education and unemployment attenuated ethnic differences in overweight. Abdominal obesity was more common among Turkish and Moroccan than among Dutch women. After controlling for BMI, migrant men had a relatively low waist circumference compared to Dutch men.

Conclusion: Overweight is relatively common among Turkish and Moroccan migrants, especially women. Education and employment are relevant in explaining ethnic differences in overweight. Compared to Dutch men, migrant men seem to have a more favourable fat distribution with less abdominal fat.

Fig. 1

Overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and central obesity, by ethnic group. p = p value of χ²-test for significance of ethnic differences; waist = waist circumference; WHR = waist-to-hip ratio. ^aPrevalence rates adjusted for age according to the age distribution in the Amsterdam population. ^bVertical (error) bars show 95% confidence intervals $$ Dutch; $$ Moroccan; $$ Turkish.

Fig. 2

Multivariate linear regression analysis^a of the association between BMI and waist circumference / waist-to-hip ratio, by ethnic group. ^aDependent variable: waist circumference / waist-to-hip ratio, models adjusted for age. –– Dutch; ····· Moroccan; —- Turkish.