Ramipril. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular disorders

Abstract

Ramipril is a long acting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which exhibits similar pharmacodynamic properties to captopril and enalapril. Like enalapril it is a prodrug, which is hydrolysed after absorption to form the active metabolite ramiprilat which has a long elimination half-life, permitting once daily administration. In hypertensive patients daily doses in the range 2.5 to 20 mg are usually effective in reducing high blood pressure and maintaining satisfactory control during long term treatment. Patients who do not respond adequately to monotherapy with ramipril usually respond with the addition of a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide or piretanide. Ramipril 5 to 10 mg once daily shows comparable antihypertensive efficacy to usual therapeutic dosages of captopril, enalapril and atenolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Preliminary data indicate that ramipril may be effective in indications such as severe essential hypertension and renal hypertension. It has also displayed beneficial effects in patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Ramipril has been well tolerated and exhibits an adverse effect profile typical of ACE inhibitors as a class. In conclusion, ramipril will likely represent a useful alternative ACE inhibitor for use in patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure.