Sulfhydryl drug-induced eruption: a clinical and histological study

Abstract

Sulfhydryl drug-induced skin eruptions were studied clinically and histologically in 23 patients. In this study, tiopronin, D-penicillamine, captopril and gold sodium thiomalate were considered to be sulfhydryl drugs, because they have a thiol group or release sulfhydryl compounds. The clinical features included skin eruptions that were maculopapular, erythema multiforme-like, eczematous, psoriasis-like, seborrheic dermatitis-like, Gibert-like, lichen planus-like, and pemphigus-like. These clinical findings were reminiscent of the wide variety of eruptions seen in cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR). Histologically, areas of vacuolation and eosinophilic necrosis with a satellite infiltrate of lymphoid cells were seen in the epidermis, and perivascular infiltrates were noted in the dermis. These findings were similar to the histological picture of cutaneous GVHR. In skin tests with sulfhydryl compounds, 19 out of 20 subjects showed positive reactions, and autoantibodies were found in 8 out of 12 subjects tested. Sulfhydryl drugs seem likely to induce immunologic changes in the host and to produce a distinctive reaction similar to that of cutaneous GVHR.