[Frailty and dependence in Albacete (FRADEA study): reasoning, design and methodology]

Abstract

Objective: To obtain a cohort of subjects of equal to or greater than 70 years, representative of a Spanish urban population, to estimate the prevalence of frailty and follow it up over time to analyse associated factors.

Material and methods: A prospective, population-based cohort study. From a population of 18,137 elderly persons, a representative sample of 1172 was randomly stratified, of which 993 (84.7%) agreed to take part. The variables collected were; sociodemographic, comorbidity, functional (n=825), cognitive, affective and quality of life. On the patients who agreed, body composition was determined by bioimpedance analysis (n=557), basal metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry (n=450) and a blood sample was obtained for biomarkers (n=859). Frailty was defined by the presence of 3 or more Fried criteria: unintentional weight loss, low energy, exhaustion, slow walking, and low physical activity. The cohort will be followed up over time until the death of the subjects.

Results: Mean age 79.4 (SD 6.4) years, with 601 (60.5%) women. A total of 21.3% were institutionalised; 16.9% were frail, 48.5% pre-frail, 21.3% non-frail, and 12.8% did not have the 3 criteria to be able to determine their state, of which 9.5% had moderate-severe incapacity, which would increase the prevalence of frailty to 26.4%.

Conclusions: A FRADEA cohort has been constructed, representative of an urban population in Spain. The prevalence of frailty in the cohort was 16.9%.