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. 2011 Feb 20:2011:747861.
doi: 10.4061/2011/747861.

Metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease: a dynamic and life-threatening triad

Mário Raimundo  1 , José António Lopes
Affiliations

Metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease: a dynamic and life-threatening triad

Mário Raimundo et al. Cardiol Res Pract. .

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have both become global public health problems, with increasing social and economic impact due to their high prevalence and remarkable impact on morbidity and mortality. The causality between MS and CKD, and its clinical implications, still does remain not completely understood. Moreover, prophylactic and therapeutic interventions do need to be properly investigated in this field. Herein, we critically review the existing clinical evidence that associates MS with renal disease and cardiovascular disease, as well as the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and actual treatment options.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Management of the metabolic syndrome [147] (reproduced with permission). ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor antagonists; CVD: cardiovascular disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; MS: metabolic syndrome; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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