Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 1999 Oct;4(3):111-6.
doi: 10.1007/BF02932265.

Impact of improvement of water supply on reduction of diarrheal incidence in a squatter area of manila

H Aiga  1 , Y Arai, E Marui, T Umenai
Affiliations

Impact of improvement of water supply on reduction of diarrheal incidence in a squatter area of manila

H Aiga et al. Environ Health Prev Med. 1999 Oct.

Abstract

To improve the quality of life in squatter settlements, the Zonal Improvement Program (ZIP), which aims to provide direct water connection and a private toilet to every housing unit, has been implemented in Metro Manila, Republic of the Philippines, since 1985. To estimate the impact of the program, particularly the improvement of the water supply, on diarrheal incidence among under-five-year-old children, a comparative survey between a ZIP area and a non-ZIP area was conducted. A significantly higher diarrheal incidence among under-five-year-old children was observed in the non-ZIP area. This may be attributed to the increase in water consumption as a result of the improvement of the water supply in the ZIP area. The Relative Risk (RR) of water consumption with diarrheal incidence was 2.67, indicating a positive association. A water supply that provides for consumption of 60 (lpcd) could be a possible appropriate measure to reduce diarrheal cases.

Keywords: Philippines; Urban slum/squatter; diarrheal incidence; water consumption; water supply.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. {'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '2130090', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2130090/'}]}
    2. Yusof K, Kwai-Sim L. Urbanization and its effects on health in squatter areas. Journal of Human Ergology, 1990, 19: 171–84 - PubMed
    1. None
    2. National Housing Authority (NHA). 1991 Annual Report, Quezon City, NHA, 1992, 5–6
    1. None
    2. Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor (PCUP). Urban Poor Situationer, Quezon City, PCUP, 1992, 8–14
    1. None
    2. Cairncross S, Carruthers I, Curtis D, Feachem R, Bradley D Baldwin G. Evaluation for village water supply planning, Chichester. John Wiley & Son Publication, 1980, 77–82
    1. None
    2. World Health Organization (WHO). Urbanization and its implications for child health. Geneva, WHO, 1988, 24–5