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. 2011 Mar 28:4:82.
doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-82.

A novel nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid clone formed via androgenesis in polyploid gibel carp

Zhong-Wei Wang  1 , Hua-Ping Zhu, Da Wang, Fang-Fang Jiang, Wei Guo, Li Zhou, Jian-Fang Gui
Affiliations

A novel nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid clone formed via androgenesis in polyploid gibel carp

Zhong-Wei Wang et al. BMC Res Notes. .

Abstract

Background: Unisexual vertebrates have been demonstrated to reproduce by gynogenesis, hybridogenesis, parthenogenesis, or kleptogenesis, however, it is uncertain how the reproduction mode contributes to the clonal diversity. Recently, polyploid gibel carp has been revealed to possess coexisting dual modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction and to have numerous various clones. Using sexual reproduction mating between clone D female and clone A male and subsequent 7 generation multiplying of unisexual gynogenesis, we have created a novel clone strain with more than several hundred millions of individuals. Here, we attempt to identify genetic background of the novel clone and to explore the significant implication for clonal diversity contribution.

Methods: Several nuclear genome markers and one cytoplasmic marker, the mitochondrial genome sequence, were used to identify the genetic organization of the randomly sampled individuals from different generations of the novel clone.

Results: Chromosome number, Cot-1 repetitive DNA banded karyotype, microsatellite patterns, AFLP profiles and transferrin alleles uniformly indicated that nuclear genome of the novel clone is identical to that of clone A, and significantly different from that of clone D. However, the cytoplasmic marker, its complete mtDNA genome sequence, is same to that of clone D, and different from that of clone A.

Conclusions: The present data indicate that the novel clone is a nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid between the known clones A and D, because it originates from the offspring of gonochoristic sexual reproduction mating between clone D female and clone A male, and contains an entire nuclear genome from the paternal clone A and a mtDNA genome (cytoplasm) from the maternal clone D. It is suggested to arise via androgenesis by a mechanism of ploidy doubling of clone A sperm in clone D ooplasm through inhibiting the first mitotic division. Significantly, the selected nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid female still maintains its gynogenetic ability. Based on the present and previous findings, we discuss the association of rapid genetic changes and high genetic diversity with various ploidy levels and multiple reproduction modes in several unisexual and sexual complexes of vertebrates and even other invertebrates.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic diagram showing formation process of the novel clone A+.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparisons of chromosome number (a-c), representative metaphases (d-f) and triploid karyotypes of Cot-1 DNA fluorescent banding (g-i) among the novel clone A+(A+), clone A (A) and clone D (D).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Genetic discrimination of clone A+(A+), clone A (A) and clone D (D) through three different kinds of nuclear genome markers, such as microsatellite electrophoretic patterns (a), AFLP profiles (b) and transferrin allele sequences (c). (a) Three typical microsatellite electrophoretic patterns amplified by the primer YJ0001, YJ0033 and YJ0039. (b) Two representative AFLP patterns amplified by the primer combinations E2M5 and E3M3. (c) The aligned five transferrin alleles Tf1, Tf2, Tf3, Tf4 and Tf5 identified from three clones.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mitochondrial genome sequence comparison of clone A+(A+), clone A(A) and clone D(D). The complete genome sequences have been deposited in GenBank and the 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms are shown by the arrows at the corresponding positions.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Genetic uniformity among different generations of the clone A+ and comparison with the maternal clone D and paternal clone A. (a) One typical microsatellite electrophoretic pattern of different individuals sampled from the third(F3), fifth (F5) and seventh (F7) generations and the original maternal clone D (D) and paternal clone A (A) that were amplified by the primer YJ0001 in. (b) One representative AFLP pattern of different individuals sampled from the third (F3), fifth (F5) and seventh (F7) generations and the original maternal clone D (D) and paternal clone A (A) that were amplified by the primer combination E3M3.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison of the DNA contents of sperms (a) and blood cells (b) of clone A.
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References

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