Assessing residents' communication skills: disclosure of an adverse event to a standardized patient

Abstract

Introduction: Disclosing adverse events to patients after a poor outcome is an essential task involving both communication skills and professionalism, but one that is difficult to teach and assess during clinical rotations. Beyond ensuring clinical competency, these skills are essential in minimizing medico-legal risk. An objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) station with a standardized patient allows an opportunity to evaluate these skills. Our objective was to assess residents' communication skills involving the disclosure of a poor outcome to a standardized patient using a standardized patient encounter, and to compare their performance before and after formal teaching on disclosure.

Methods: Fourteen obstetrics and gynaecology residents (PGY-2 to PGY-5) were evaluated in a two-station OSCE. In the first station, they obtained a history and counselled an obstetrical patient, and in the second station they met with the same patient to discuss an adverse outcome that had occurred. The residents were evaluated using guidelines for the disclosure of adverse events developed by the Canadian Patient Safety Institute and published by the Canadian Medical Protective Association. The residents then participated in a workshop on disclosure and were retested.

Results: The mean score in the pre-workshop disclosure OSCE was 59.1% (12.4/21, SD 2.7), while the mean score in the post-workshop OSCE was 80.1% (16.9/21, SD 2.1). Using the paired Student t test, the scores differed significantly with P < 0.01.

Conclusion: Residents' performance in disclosure improves after formal teaching and the OSCE is an effective technique for testing communication skills.