Factors influencing enoxaparin anti-Xa activity in surgical critically ill patients

Abstract

Study objective: The objectives of the present study were to describe the incidence of low anti-Xa levels defined as below 0.1 IU/mL in a general surgical intensive care unit population and to evaluate factors independently influencing anti-Xa activity.

Design: A prospective study was undertaken.

Setting: Thirty-six patients admitted to a general intensive care unit and receiving subcutaneous (SC) enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily for thromboprophylaxis between November 2003 and August 2005 were included in the study.

Measurements and main results: After reaching steady state, anti-Xa activity was determined by chromogenic assay at 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours after injection. Anti-Xa levels below 0.1 IU/mL at any time were considered subtherapeutic. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for a 12-hour dosing interval were estimated. Factors influencing anti-Xa AUC were evaluated using linear regression. Two patients (5.6%) did not attain therapeutic levels defined as anti-Xa more than 0.1 IU/mL at 3 hours post dose. Median AUC was 1.84 IU·h/mL (interquartile range, 1.47 IU·h/mL). In the linear regression analysis, sex and creatinine clearance were significant predictors of anti-Xa AUC(0-12h) levels.

Conclusion: In the study, prophylactic SC enoxaparin in critically ill patients at the current 30 mg SC twice daily dosage attained an anti-Xa level more than 0.1 U/mL in nearly all patients. In addition, low creatinine clearances and female sex are associated with higher anti-Xa activity AUC(0-12h).